Making Profits with a Twist †Auntie Anne’s Pretzels

This is a good attitude to have when outgrowth a seam, because it promotes solid values that the business will be establish on, even after it succeeds. It also remembers the people in the community, the customers. A fellowship will survive and thrive if customers feel cared about and welcomed to the business. Customers are the hold of the business, and its important to care about them in the store, and outside it.However, conflicts whitethorn arise. A business may non have enough bills to keep itself going, much less give to the community. A business that perfectly does not give to the community could cause criticism. It can be delicate to make whatsoever profit when a decent chunk of coin is going to the community. A go with may take on more than than it can really handle when it promises this. Depending on the size of the community, people may feel they are more involved in the business than they are, resulting in the business not being taken seriously, and possibly fa iling.4. How do the advantages and disadvantages of dealership compare to other forms of business?A certify is a peachy business for someone who wants to go into business for his/herself, does not have the sit to build a business from scratch (as a franchise guild already has a reputation and doesnt need to build one), and wants the financial backing and tribute that comes with being a part of an already effected business. The franchisee has corporate support, materials and recipes (in the case of a restaurant) provided. The only thing the franchisee needs to do is the day-to-day managing, and making some decisions about what products to carry, pricing, etc.However, this also leads to a lack of freedom. In a traditional start-up business, a person does not have any backing besides his or her own funds and possibly reputation as a person in the community. The company is far more likely to fail (franchises usually dont fail). But, the person has the freedom to make any busine ss decision he or she chooses. He or she can take the business in a new direction, offer or stop offering any products or services, and do anything at all. There is absolute freedom for a sole proprietorship. A partnership shares the financial risk, and has some limit on freedom (decisions made equally between all partners), but the business doesnt arrive ready made like a franchise does.It ultimately depends on what experience a person wants to have security in business, or freedom to do as she/he pleases. whole kit CitedMcHugh, McHugh, and Nickels. Understanding Business. Seventh edition. New York McGraw-Hill Company, 2004.

Machende

c)Is in that respect proof for merchandise afflictions or administration die outures in the provision of public operate, sexual morality goods and control of demerit goods in sub-Saharan Africa? Discuss (30 marks) Market failure is a circumstance in which head-to-head markets do not receive about the allocation of resources that best satisfies societys wants. Government failures ar inefficiencies of the public sphere. Public goods ar goods that would not be get outd in the still market system, because firms would not be adequately push for them.Merit goods argon goods that argon deemed as necessary for expending by the state and if left to the private sector only, much(prenominal) goods would be under-consumed . Demerit goods are goods and services whose utilization is considered unhealthy, degrading or otherwise socially undesirable due to the sensed negative effects on the consumers. much(prenominal) goods are deemed as supererogatory for consumption by the state. Most of the countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa uniform Zimbabwe, Zambia and southeastward Africa are operating under a mixed economy. A free-market on its own cant best allocate resources in a best way that satisfies the society.Market failures would arise as the unseeyn hand on its own cant cater adequately for the society. S d1 Qp a c d2 Costs and benefits Output remote benefit Welfare expiry because merit goods tend to be under consumed by the free market b Qs 0 Merit goods provide externalities but if left on the whole to the private sector, it is the likes ofly that merit goods will be under consumed. In most Sub-Saharan African countries much(prenominal) as Zimbabwe, Namibia and Zambia, the private sector provides education at high costs which results in the under-consumption of the good.Most Governments often provide merit goods for free but when considering Sub-Saharan African countries, this has not been in practice, for instance, public schools in Burkina Faso feel since been experiencing high charges of fees. This often results in wellbeing liberation as illustrated by the diagram below Welfare loss caused by under-consumption of merit goods As shown by the diagram above, under-consumption of merit goods in Sub-Sahara Africa results in the loss of welfare of ABC. Moreover, merit goods are often provided by the state, thus, to extend consumption of merit goods, the state has to increase spending on such goods.This has been practically impossible for most Sub-Saharan African countries as they have no incentive for spending on merit goods. For instance, countries such as Somalia, Burundi and Uganda. In most Sub-Saharan African countries the invisible hand and the state have since failed to control the consumption of demerit goods. The consumption of demerit goodscan lead to negative externalities which causes a fall in social welfare. The free-market often fails to control the consumption of demerit goods as it may fail to take in to account the negative externalities of consumption (social cost exceeds private cost).This may be due to imperfect information as information is a commodity that costs to obtain. For example, methods of conveying information to customers is rather poor in Africa than in European countries. Furthermore, Governments may fail to control consumption of demerit goods due to a number of reasons. For example, the government may decide to inject in the market for the regulation of demerit goods and impose taxes on capturers or consumers. This often raises prices and may produce detrimental effects to the economy like inflation in the coherent-run.This may restrict government from taking such closes . In South Africa, there has been a proposal for the ban of publicizing of alcohol but it has been a failure since many alcohol producing companies have been responsible for sponsoring most sporting activities. Costs and benefits Social cost External costs negative externalities Private co sts Limited information ripe information D2 D1 0 Failure to regulate consumption of demerit goods results in welfare loss. This is illustrated below Output Q1 Q2 Q3 Welfare loss due to unregulated consumption of demeritsAs shown above, the social optimal level of consumption would be q3, an fruit that takes into account the information failure of consumers and also negative externalities. There are also some government failures in Sub-Saharan Africa. Governments are award subsidies to firms but this may protect unable firms from competition and create barriers to innovation for new firms because prices are kept artificially low. Subsidies and other forms of assistance by the governments cause moral hazard. Most Sub-Saharan African countries are subsidizing firms that produce fertilizer as a way of achieving long term viands securities.This causes barriers to new firms which might want to produce fertilizers, as they cant withstand the competition due to low production costs en joyed by the existing firms. More so, there is show of government failure caused by rent seeking. Most Governments in the Sub-Saharan countries are in charge of controlling innate resources. This causes barriers to entry in industries that require the use of natural resources like minerals. The government will now be a monopoly in that industry and it may fail to allocate resources in the most socially desirable manner.Most Sub-Saharan countries are still developing they are bureaucratic which is very slow in decision making. This causes most governments to be inefficient as it takes time for firms and institutions to be given the permission to produce goods and services. Such goods and services might be merit or public goods and services. For example, the decision to allow Econet in Zimbabwe was slow meaning that it would rather take long for Zimbabwean citizens to enjoy the telecommunication services to be offered by Econet.In Zimbabwe there is unfair distribution of some merit goods like education, for instance, universities or tertiary education institutions. In Manicaland there are no state universities as compared to other regions such as Mashonaland, Masvingo, Midlands and Matebeleland. Examples of such universities in the favoured regions include University of Zimbabwe, Midlands call downs University and others. When it comes to the government provision of public services in countries like Zimbabwe, there is an incommensurate distribution of such services.For instance, politicians may use funds which should be delegate to produce public services to campaign. Therefore they may increase spending on public goods and services in some regions at the cost of other regions in a bid to gain political millage in such regions. However, the governments of Sub-Saharan African countries have not completely failed to provide public services, merit goods and control of demerit but have intervened in correcting market failures. about Sub-Saharan African countr ies have been successful in banning the consumption and importation of cocaine which is a harmful drug.They are also controlling the consumption of other drugs like marijuana . Some governments have also been improving on the provision of public services such as road networks. For instance, roads in South Africa are better off. South Africa and Nigeria have also been subsidizing the production of merit goods like education. To solve failures such as under-consumption of merit goods such as education, the Governments of Sub-Saharan African countries can increase expenditure or spending on such services. For example, the construction of more educational institutions.In Zimbabwe, there is a stream project that is running the construction of a university in Manicaland (to be named Manicaland State University). The same can also to public service expenditure by the Governments of these countries. Zimbabwe is currently undergoing the construction of a dual carriage way from Mutare to Hara re. This reflects an increase in expenditure on public services. Therefore, in conclusion, there is evidence of market failure as reflected by Government intervention. However, the governments of Sub-Saharan African countries may also fail as discussed above.

Cost when using photovoltaic cell Essay

Solar energy labor utilizes prize per Watt peak, which is the primary unit of measurement for computing price. online prevailing price for solar energy generation is at slightly $4/Wp. Basically terms would depend on the total installed equal for the system. Around 40% to 50% of the cost would be for the solar module. A complete system includes the entire positd comp 1nt for a procedure system. As of 2003 a residential system would cost at slightly $8,000 $12,000 per kWp installed (SolarBuzz, 2006).Based on data, a 1kWp unit would produce differently depending on the location and levels of sunlight. Generated data for Southern California produced 1800 kwh/year while for northern Germany was 800 kwh/year and 1600 2000 kwh / year in India using the same 1kWp unit of solar system. However, gradual improvements on the silicon crystal model of PV cells contri furthered to a salient reduction of the cost of photovoltaic electricity (Cartlidge, 2007). Actual generated power wou ld cool it depend on the location and prices are variably dependent on the local tariffs.Compared to other existing rates for energy generation distributed solar PV would be 30cents to 50cents/kWh the current rate is still far from the 3 5 cents / kWh rate for combined cycle gas turbines. Although there is a burnished trend of decreasing rate of generation cost due to moderate in creation cost (Space_Daily, 2005). The amount of chapiter space infallible to roof-mount a solar system is based on the size or generating capacity or rating of the system you purchase.Most residential systems require as little as 50 square feet of mounting neighborhood for a small starter system, or as much as 500-1,000 square feet for a PV array capable of meeting all of a homeowners needs. Commercial systems are typically much larger than residential systems. A rule of thumb is that a square ass of single- or poly-crystalline PV module area produces 10 watts of power in noctilucent sunlight. T herefore, a 1000-watt system requires about 100 to 200 square feet of roof area, depending on the type of PV module. The amount of roof area needed withal depends on the PV modules efficiency in converting sunlight to electricity. board 1 provides approximate roof area requirements as a obligation of PV efficiency (percent) and rating (watts). Table 1 Roof Area inevitable for Various Sizes of PV Systems Although the efficiency (percent of sunlight converted to electricity) varies with different types of PV modules, eminenter-efficiency modules typically cost more. one(a) of the main barriers to the development of pastoral electrification markets with photovoltaic is the financing of the towering up-front investment of an SHS, which is the critical point for most of the hoidenish households, as hearty as for many photovoltaic intermediaries.Depending on the size of the local market, taxes the divide of locally manufactured components and governmental policy regarding solar technology and country-bred electrification, an SHS costs between US $500 to US $1,500. Even with the earthly concern of subsidies for the installation of an SHS, such investment costs are much in addition high compared to the average income of the target households. For this reason, financing schemes allowing make upment by installments moldiness be offered they are needed in national electrification programs as in commercial markets.In this connection, micro-finance institutions (MFI) could play an essential role in the spreading of SHS. This not only represents a solution for the existing barriers regarding the electrification of remote rural households, but also offers new market opportunities for . MFI for example, ill form of rural electricity loans, which additionally offer the convenience of secure guarantees of the hardware, especially the solar panel. PV today is economical only if it does not invite to compete with power gridiron electricity.Nevertheless, the tech nology is only at the beginning of its development and hopes are high for further large cost reductions. At present, however, it is not obvious that the cost of PV can reach present levels of the cost of base load electricity, but it call reach consumer retail prices. Besides development of technology, market amplification is a proven way of bringing down cost. In several(prenominal) countries that take their obligation to reduce greenhouse gases seriously, comprehensive support programs for distributed PV installations check been legislated.One example is the German renewable energy law, which stipulates that utilities have to pay for PV electricity fed into the grid about 0. 5 $/kWh for twenty years. This reimbursement is trim back by 5% each year for new installations in auberge to stimulate cost reduction (Elwell & Komp, 2007). Manufacturing of PV cells undergoes many processes. After producing the solar cells, they have to be transported and assembled. Solar cell usually ha ve a spirit span of 25 years. After which they are disassembled and transported for proper disposal. A content was conducted to measure the total energy consumed in the manufacture alone of the solar cells.Using the Sharp ND-205U1 module, which cost $850, a forty-four-module order would require $28,900, not including the cost of wires and inverters installed along with the solar modules (Riley & Meyers, 2005). Renewable sources in Middle eastern hemisphere In the Middle East, governments are pushing for finding an alternative to fogy fuels to meet its energy requirements. Renewable sources are being eyed. Due to the depleting generate of fossil fuels, United Arab Emirates has already undertaken projects in preparation for meeting the demand power needed.It is estimated that by 2015, 14% of estimated power requirements would be saved with the usance of wind and solar energy. By 2050 it is forecasted that almost half of energy requirements of UAE would be supplied by wind and so lar energy with PV generation forming the largest percentage of the dickens (WFES, 2004). Other Middle East countries are likely to follow in their endeavor to preserve the regions main source of wealth oil and gas. Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran Bahrain and Lebanon have already implemented or allow be implementing strategies in harnessing these renewable sources abundant in the region (Middle_East_Electricity, 2005).One project initiated in Israel, which aims to provide electricity and piss supply in a small rural settlement in Palestine. Greenstar identified one of the four-target villages Al Kaabneh, West Bank, Palestine. The purpose of the project is to supply electricity with the installation of PV cell system. Before the project was instituted, the village had no electricity and pee was not sanitized, thus resulting to health problems as one of the prevalent challenged areas of the village.The locals were taught how to allege and utilize the PV system installed in their vill age and care was delegated to them. The project supplied the village with a 100 kW PV generator, which was used to power the villages health clinic, mosque and school. Aside from the generator, the village was also supplied with a PV powered water pumping and desalination units. Among the lessons learned from the project is that solar energy provides easy solutions to simple electrical needs of small isolated villages where a national grid is rendered superfluous (Greenstar, 1999).

Is Bollywood Shining in Asia

Is Bollywood Shining in Asia? Introduction As Smith, a editorialist for Articlemyriad, mentioned, Far from being mere pastime, though, the Bollywood moving-picture shows represent a big businessmanful pith of self- and community expression which Indians be using to define themselves in depend of the rest of the world, (Smith) Exploring the Bollywood painting and its emergency in Asia is an effective way to bump into whether India has some common culture elements with opposite Asian countries and whether they ar integrating under the impulsion of culture.Dudrah (2006) mentioned in his book Bollywood Sociology Goes to the Movies, Bollywood, the moniker for ordinary Hindoo cinema from Mumbai, India, has travel an conditional relationant catchword in the vocabulary of planetary entropy Asian popular culture. (Dudrah, 2006) It demonstrates that Indian culture dominates in S turn uph Asia. However, with the achiever Three Idiots achieved in Asia, some commonwealth beg an to consider the mooring of Bollywood in Asia. Bollywood is a substantive buzz word at the moment, state Vinay Virmani, writer and actor of Breakaway, in an interview, I think thats because Bollywood has been able to try beyond the whole south Asian community. (Mahmood & Mitra, 2011)This opinion is true tho maybe too simple as he just considered or so the popularity. The opinion I want to argue in this paper is that although Bollywood celluloids become popular in Asia, the commercial pro score they gained is withal throttle.Maybe Three Idiots, the or so successful Bollywood painting in recent years, is the best representative of Bollywood word-paintings which ar facing such an embarrassing situation. Have you seen the Three Idiots second date? It may be the first reaction when Hong Kong people talked most this illustrious Indian movie. It is amazing that a Bollywood movie gained such huge success in Hong Kong. In fact, Three Idiots has track for 13 weeks since i t was released in Hong Kong in September, 2011. It broke the spell that Normally, a Bollywood Film in mainland China and Hong Kong would run in select multiplexes for 1 to 2 weeks. (3 Idiots Rocks in China & Hong Kong, 2011)Although it gained graduate(prenominal) praise in Hong Kong and former(a) Asia countries, the box-office contributed by Asian countries was still limited. concord to the statistics from concussion seat Mojo, 60. 8% box-office of Three Idiots came from India (3 IDIOTS box office, 2011) and it was released in scarcely six other Asia countries (or argonas), which are Hong Kong, Malaysia, randomness Korea, Singapore, Indonesia and mainland China. (3 Idiots) why Bollywood becomes popular in Asia ) Thanks to Slumdog Millionaire Slumdog Millionaire tells a story happened in Indian slums. It is made by Hollywood but full of Bollywood characters, which made legion(predicate) audiences mistake it for a Bollywood movie. As it won the top prize at the Academy Awards a nd eightsome Oscars in total including best director and best picture, (The Oscars 2009, 2009) it appealed to more audiences, oddly Asians, who regard the Academy Prize as the highest honor of a movie. It took $2,280,068 in its first week in China and $930,097 in Hong Kong. SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE-box office, 2009) With the influence of Slumdog Millionaire, people would like to see Bollywood movies with huge interest and curiousness. Bollywood movie become a hit to Asian audiences. 2) A mirror of the issues faced by Asia It is demonstrable to see the changes in Bollywood movies when comparing those spick-and-span successful movies with the old ones. The traditional stories about revenge or the love between a comfortable woman and a penniless man have already been out of date. New Bollywood movies focus more on the modern issues faced by many other Asian countries as well.The issues always mentioned are neer leaving ethnic and religious conflicts, gap between the rich and sad and education. For instance, the Three Idiots mentioned before exposed the education problems existing in many Asian countries. The film is about three students who do not fit the traditional and inflexible education method in Indian Institutes of technology and are considered as idiots by professors. However, the movie clearly shows who the three real idiots are the educational system, the teachers and the parents, Sudhakar RAM said. Ram, 2010) The performance-oriented system, faculty-led pedagogy and arbitrary parents criticized in this movie exist not and in India, but excessively other Asian states. In South Korea, academic achievements are regarded as the peremptory factor for social success. Only the students getting into prestigious universities can procure their social success, while students with other abilities are unrecognized. (Suicide Figures Point to Failure of statement System, 2011) The alike(p) phenomena existed in Mainland China. In order to enter a historied u niversity, students pursue higher exam marks rather than knowledge. Teaching methodology basically consists of force-feeding copious amounts of required information directly out of textbooks (often teachers allow for simply read directly from the text) and students are discouraged from asking questions, curiously if those questions challenge ideology or anything regarded as factual. (Middle Kingdom Life) As this movies shows the acquainted(predicate) and real problems to Asian audience, people are able to understand the movie better and easily accept it, just as Zoher Abdoolcarim said, They laughed when they were meant to and didnt when they werent. (Abdoolcarim, 2011) In addition, Asia, as a growing power, is eager to get the approval from the world. India, with fast learning in economy, has more aspiration and shows it by movies. There is a popular Bollywood movie among Asian audience called My Name Is Khan. It tells a story about how a Muslim man called Khan, in order to ge t kindness from his wife, overcame many difficulties to tell American President that his name had no alliance with terrorists. Although it seems like a love movie, what it shows indeed is the questions of religious and national identity operator. My Name is Khan Movie Review, 2010) Asian states, like the Muslim, undergo much(prenominal) hardships to develop, hoping to get the approval from the world. The emotion and spritnational identifyingexpressed in Bollywood movies smooth the psychology of Asia and fit the taste of Asians. 3) The attracting modern music Dance and songs are the symbols of Bollywood movies. A Bollywood movie is incomplete without songs and dance in it. (Role of dance Choreographer in Bollywood movie songs, 2011) However, young people in Asia seem not raise in the traditional dance and songs in Bollywood movies.Therefore, the Bollywood music changed among with the transformation in movies. It mixed the traditional songs with western elements to produce a n ew sort that appeals international audience, of course, including Asians, rather than the pure classical Indian music that appeals to Indians only. Campus songs which never appeared now become popular in Bollywood movies. Aal Izz Well in Three Idiots has rafts of youth feeling, which brings audience back to their college days. 4) With the help of InternetAlthough playing full-length movie on internet is illegal in some countries, there are no strict restrictions in some Asia countries, like China, which provides audience a bump to watch Bollywood movies through internet. Three Idiots, for example, leave be released in December, 2011 in Mainland China. However, the discussion of this movie in Internet lasted for a keen-sighted cartridge holder and it even got 8. 9 marks by 19,096 people cross in the Mtime, a websites regarded as Chinese IMDB. Three Idiots) This phenomenon benefits from the Chinese video-sharing websites, such as Tudou and Youku. In fact, this movie was played up to 1,824,335 multiplication only in Tudou (Three Idiots). The same is Devads, which is marked 8. 4 in Mtime (Devdas) and played 279,469 times in Tudou. (Devdas) The force of internet cannot be overlooked in popularizing Bollywood movies. Why Bollywood movies have a little profit? As the statistics from Box Office Mojo show, most Bollywood movies are released in quartette other Asia areas mainly Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong.Although Bollywood movies have satisfied box-offices in these areas, the profit they gained in other Asian areas was still low compared to domestic market. The reason may be that Bollywood movies dont squeeze into the two main markets in AsiaChina and Japan because of the strict movie aftermathing restrictions. China has strict import restrictions that limit the number of hostile blockbusters to 20 per year. Film imports are still controlled by the state-owned China Film Group. (Lee, 2011) And in Japan, the situation is even worse. exclusivel y selecting films for release in Japan is not easy. , said Aki Sugihara, general music director at licensing and acquisition department of Nikkatsu Corp, The rights for 3 Idiots had been sold to every Asian country except Japan. (IANS, 2011) The closing of the two main Asian movie markets makes the profit Bollywood movies gain limit in Asia. Tendency 1) The wall will come down With the internationalization, the trade wall is decreasing, including the movie import policies. Taiwan is a case in point, who revised the Motion Picture truthdropping its film import restrictionsto meet WTO demand in 2001.Many Bollywood movies, which are not released in Mainland China and Hong Kong, can be found on Taiwan screens, like Om Shanti Om and Taare Zameen Par. Taiwan is just a start as its policy influences other countries. The success of Three Idiots in Taiwan coarse-grained South Korea to release it, according to a Korean industry office. (Bhat, 2011) The survey in Mainland China is also b right. Thanks to the efforts of Indias Ministry of External Affairs, India got a quota of four out of the 20 imported movies per year. Baru, 2010)Whats more, as the deadline given by the World Trade Organization when China end its movie import restrictions is 19 March 2011, China is expected to raise the import quota to 30 films this year and a little more each year subsequently. (Jaffe, 2011) It is stir news for not only Bollywood but also the world, which can also be regarded as a symbol that the free and open movie market is a tendency in such a global world. 2) The cooperation can be realized Bollywood is exporting its movies to more countries by cooperating with foreign companies to produce movies.My Name is Khan, a Bollywood movie produced and marketed by Fox star Studios, gained $38,326,589 in oversea market. (My Name Is Khan) It pointed out a new way for Bollywood to gain profit in Asia, which is cooperating with Asian companies. In fact, the Chinese governments authorise d film production company has cooperated with Bollywood to make a movie called property Struck. Since the film is being supported by China-based production companies, it will not be considered a foreign import and will fall right(prenominal) the censorship restrictions that have impeded Bollywoods entry into the China market, Cindy Shyu, CEO of lighthouse Productions said. Krishnan, 2010) Also Aki Sugihara from Japan mentioned, If our co-production expands, there will be a chance of getting into co-production with Indian films. (IANS, 2011) By cooperation, Bollywood may knock at the admittance of China and Japan, and enter into these two huge Asian markets step by step. Conclusion Bollywood, which used to be regarded as a factory of dances and songs, is no longer what it was. In a global world, Bollywood is also expanding its influence power to Asia, even to the world. Going by the success of Slumdog Millionaire, Bollywood began to export its movies with a new image.It changes the style of dance and songs and pays more attention to the contents of movies, which expose the same issues Asians face and inspire emotional resonance. In addition, the internet popularizing also promotes the diffuse of Bollywood movies. However, Bollywood has fame but little profit in Asia because of the strict restrictions, especially in China and Japan. In another word, Bollywoods emergence has already beyond South Asia but the true commercial success is still limited to domestic market.Although it seems that Bollywood has loss in Asia in terms of commerce from watercourse movie market state, we cannot deny that Bollywood movies have potential to win because of the falling-down restrictions and the petite cooperation with Asian movie companies. Bollywood is not shining in Asia now, but the time for it to shine is not far away. Reference SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE-box office. (2009, 12 20). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from Box Office Mojo http//boxofficemojo. com/movies/? page=intl&id=slu mdogmillionaire. htm The Oscars 2009. (2009, 2 23). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from BBC http//news. bc. co. uk/2/hi/entertainment/oscars/7904567. stm My Name is Khan Movie Review. (2010, 2 11). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from BollywoodWorld. com http//www. bollywoodworld. com/movie-reviews/my-name-is-khan-movie-review-18299. hypertext markup language 3 IDIOTS box office. (2011, 11). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from Box Office Mojo http//boxofficemojo. com/movies/? page=intl&id=3idiots. htm 3 Idiots Rocks in China & Hong Kong. (2011). Retrieved from MovieMantra. com http//moviemantra. com/telugu/2011/3-idiots-rocking-china-hong-kong/ Role of dance Choreographer in Bollywood movie songs. 2011, 5 13). Retrieved 12 2, 2011, from Enrichyou http//www. enrichyou. info/role-of-dance-choreographer-in-bollywood-movie-songs/ Suicide Figures Point to Failure of Education System. (2011, 8 13). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from The Chosunilbo http//english. chosun. com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/13/2011081300334. html 3 Idiots. (n. d. ). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from IMDB http//www. imdb. com/title/tt1187043/releaseinfo Abdoolcarim, Z. (2011, 11 10). The ChIndian Century. Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from TIMESpecials

M1a3 livoria sandwiches, inc. Essay

This report examines strategic alternatives that would abet owners of Livoria Sandwiches Inc. discover agonistic advantage in a growing market, achieve its winningsability identify and maintain its strong reputation of having a high quality and quaint product in the attention. This report provides an analysis of the familys electric current situation, identify strategic issues and analyze strategic alternatives. These also provide recommendations as to courses of actions the brothers should adopt to reach their goal, and proposed implementation plan. CURRENT SITUATIONS subscribe toh grizzlyers Preferences* Go franchising (Paul)* call forth vegetarian menu (Sam)* Preserve quality and stop (Sam)* Realize $1.1M net income by 2015 (both Paul and Sam)*Avoid using line of credit (both Paul and Sam)Constraints* bullion* One supplier of all store requirements/ingredients* Bank requires $20,000 minimum silver balance at any given time * Number of hours die* Working spaceEnvironm ental Scan SWOT Analysis discover 1Current fiscal Assessment Lowest profit of .29% compared to industry wide due to $500,000 contingent liability booked in 2012. Removing this frightful item would result to 24% operating income which is higher than Dawkins industry benchmark 52.93% highest Contribution margin than industry average High harvest-home % versus bunch by the industry Available line of credit-Impressive performance among competitors whether franchising or non-franchising -Debt freeKey Success Factors* High-quality traditional custom-made sandwiches developed by generations *Loyal client base and recognition* Effective obsolescence plan* nada DebtKey RisksLosing market share and competitive advantageLimited work through how to deal and to grow the businessJust one supplier to give store operation/productionMAJOR ISSUES1. Increase profitability2. ripening marketstrategic ALTERNATIVES1. Expanding without franchising2. Open Franchise AgreementANALYSIS OF STRATEG IC ALTERNATIVESI. EXPANDING WITHOUT FRANCHISINGPROSCONSDevelop product lines by introducing vegetable sandwiches ( appurtenance 4) shows an increase in exchange inflow from 155% in 2013 to 319% in 2015 May cannibalized existing/old product lines which the company is being known for Attracts customers with other preferences and may compete broadly in the industry by branching out in naked locationsRequires surplus training cost, space, business strategy and building customers recognition, guide professional help which may ca intention additional fund or used available line of credit Established and maintained more than suppliers that would provide more options and huge discounts in large orders May equal existing quality standard of the custom-made sandwiches Discover more clandestine opportunities from existing operations, by adding value to the product, and improve training the staffFinancial Assessment if amplification without franchisinga.Total CM% increase from 2012 52.9 3% to 60.50% in 2015 (Appendix 3) b. Total profit show a positive increase from 18% in 2013 to 31% in 2015, far reaching the brothers preference of $1.1 M in 2015, Appendix 3 showed $1.4 M net profit c.Return on investment assumptive initial exchange balance net of the minimal requirement ($20,000) was use to introduce new line of menus showed a remarkable result of 21% ROI in 2013 to 249% return in 2015, Appendix 3 d.Cash budget projections with new line of products showed increase cash inflows from $556K (2013),$869K (2014) and tremendous increase of $2.3 M by the end of 2015 Appendix 2 e. Appendix 4 showing disputation of Cash Flow present a positive economic growth, from $423K cash inflow generated in 2013 155% increase in cash to $1.9M in 2015.Calculating IRR for the next 3 years showed 478% return. II. OPEN FOR FRANCHISE parallelismPROSCONS1. opportunity to grow faster than would be the case of training employees take a shit internal marketing strategy, sales and distri bution 1. significant disadvantage is evil of control, though substantial restrictions may apply because of privilege agreement, franchise is even considered a 3 rd foundery who would seek to maximize return of investment at your expense 2. use of franchising fee/capital will aid growth/network of the company than finding one for the business 2. part of your profit is use to utilized to promote your franchise/s 3. franchising motivates franchisee to go by and go beyond to succeed due to incentive scheme and growth is dependent upon the success of your business3. substantial product knowledge and expertise has to be shared concerning your business although restrictions may apply but control over it is difficult to enforce and monitor 4. will increase get power as franchising network grows and that eventually reduced cost to operate, gain profitability from small units 4. skills required to monitor, coiffure and support franchise/s are far different than handling your own emp loyees 5. may boom from downturn like recession compared to non-franchise business 5. standard sets in doing franchise may alter your consumer taste.RECOMMENDATIONBoth alternatives if done in a well thought out plan may manage companys growth strategically. Since it can be done drastically and irrepressible way major casualties of which could be customer dissatisfaction and will adversely pertain cash flow. IMPLEMENTATION PLANSo it is necessary therefore to manage the growth process so we can obtain benefits in a medium and long term. The following may be executed 1.Plan your expansion, not just by reacting to the circumstances but creating a solid plan, Ansoff hyaloplasm (Exh 2) can be a helpful tool in creating this roadmap. 2.Dont over expand, which is one of the biggest danger in growth phase. A 3 to 5 year projections plan capacity is doable and allow additional 10% capacity over and above that for challenging times.3.Get professional financial advice because expansion ent ails monetary implications, with expert help we can reduce the jeopardy and address issues right away. 4.Shop around, look for the target-location where marketing the product may accomplished the same acceptance by the customers. 5.Develop a project management for the expansion in a formal way to uncover other possibilities 6. sustainment customers informed about expansion plan and what to expect, when disruption may take up and how will the company will deal with it. 7.Announce the completion of the expansion. declare target customers about the increase capacity, new menu and additional work to be offered. A good marketing device will help the company introduce this expansion in a high note.

Health And Safety Challenges For Mining Companies Environmental Sciences Essay

Out bed well-nigh of the carmine health and prophylacticguard challenges that is faced by a jab comp ever soy you ar familiar with. The in debrisry has experienced both mellow gear effect low frequency events ( catastrophes such as Moura and Gretley ) every forgiving action proper as low frequence high events ( such as faux pass, strains and falls ) contri savee to the in spatterry s high up mass raiment hurt set ( LTIR ) . It has to a fault had its portion of occupational un with child(p)nesss. Historically, pneumonocosis ( lung affection caused by inspiration of mineral break up ) , asbestosis and mesothelioma expect been cardinal countries of concern. zero(prenominal)se, thrill and weariness ar issues of important health concerns. The way and de nameine of study jeopardies associated with structural prostrations, fires and detonations be cardinal golosh issues of the twenty- four roughly hours.MouraDuring the past 40 old ages at that place turn in be en three exploit catastrophes in the Moura territory at a cost of 36 lives.The first occurred at Kianga Mine on 20 September 1975. Thirteen mine readyers died from an detonation which was em get it on to nail been initiated by self-generated burning. The mine was sealed and the organic fertilizer structures of the do overstretchs were neer rec all overed.The 2nd occurred on 16 July 1986 at Moura zero(prenominal)4 Mine when 12 mineworkers died from an detonation idea to hold been initiated by virtuoso of both achiev equal to(p) beginnings, viz. frictional ignition or a flame safety lamp. The organic structures of the mineworkers, in this example, were recovered.The tierce of the catastrophes occurred on 7 August 1994 at Moura none2 Mine. On this juncture cardinal mineworkers died as a consequence of an detonation. The mine was sealed and, at this crop, the organic structures befool non been recovered.What is the model of the mine safety statute integrity in your seve ralize/country?Since Australia is a federation of provinces, to each one province sets pop its ain Torahs, which intromit its ain regulative criterions for occupational wellness and safety. At get downing, each province was discontinue and used the old wellness codifications ( i.e. , statute law ) and criterions from the British frame. This system of rules relied to a gr squander terminus upon really specialized ( i.e. , Numberss found ) system which was loose to implement and elementary to down the st activatesstand. However jobs ensured as clip and engineering progressed which led to the wellness and safety reform that began in 1972.The Current Framework for Mine recourse in Australia in 3 waysRegulations under a public OHS subr come onine ( VIC/SA/TAS/NT )In se conservation of parityte Mine rubber performs and Regulations ( WA/QLD )In separate mine Safety stand for and Regulations Subordinate to a general OHS deed of conveyance ( NSW )Since Victoria is my provi nce, the undermentioned lawfulization go away be used under 3 chief classs given as below. risky Goods Act surroundings Protection ACToccupational Health and Safety RegulationsAs per Occupational Health and Safety RegulationsOccupational Health and Safety Act 2004. Act no 107/2004 Enabling act. Sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to occupational wellness and safety ( OHS ) .Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007, Statutory regain zero(prenominal) 54/2007 Specifies the room in which a responsibility compel by the OHS Act must be performed, or prescribe adjective or administrative familiaritys to back up the OHS Act ( eg requiring licenses for specific activities, the maintaining of records or giving notice ) .WorkSafe Positions Are guidelines do under subdivision 12 of the OHS Act that province how WorkSafe will use the OHS Act or Regulations or exert discretion under a proviso of the OHS Act or Regulations. WorkSafe Positions ato mic number 18 int conclusioned to supply acceptedty to duty holders and other(a) affected partiesAs per environs Protection ACTVersion no 171, Environment Protection Act 1970, No. 8056 of 1970, Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2010.This sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to Environment Protection Act.As per Dangerous Goods ActThis sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to Dangerous Goods Act. But here separately they all made for single classs as mentioned.Version No. 081Dangerous Goods Act 1985No. 10189 of 1985Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2010Version No. 003Dangerous Goods ( HCDG ) Regulations 2005S.R. No. 96/2005Version as at 14 March 2008Version No. 005Dangerous Goods ( Storage and Handling ) Regulations 2000S.R. No. 127/2000Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2009Version No. 001Dangerous Goods ( Transport by Road or Rail ) Regulations 2008S.R. No. 166/2008Version as at 1 January 2009Version No. 013Dangerous Goods ( Explosives ) Regulations 2000S.R. No. 61/2000Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2009Robens suggested two cardinal issues were of import in accomplishing high criterions of safety.What atomic number 18 these two key issue?Where in the Act ( or code ) argon these two issues addressed in themine safety statute law of your state/country?In 1972, the British Robens study sought to qualify the old codifications of pattern utilizing two base principals.The first rule treasure the demand to unite all the difference OHS Torahs under one system. It was proposed that this would be accomplished by making general responsibilities into one opinion ( Robens Report, para 41 ) .The 2nd rule observed that a ego ordinance theoretical account be implemented where workers and decision makers come together in order addition the criterions of wellness and safety ( Robens Report, para 41 ) .The Federal Government in 1985 passed statut e law to organize the so field of study Occupational Health and Safety Commission ( NOHSC ) though, because Australia is a federation, each state/territory has to sign federal statute law in order to for the committee ( NOHSC ) to be apart of the Commonwealth and hence have any court-ordered evidences. Each province reformed OHS Torahs, based on the Robens theoretical account and beyond.In fact, the OHS operates in a three bearing system. The first is the general responsibilities which cover all employees irrespective of occupation state of aff transmission lines ( Internet Explorer, contracted or non ) and require the employee as applicatively likely to guarantee a safe working purlieu. The 2nd are the commissariats in ordinances are compulsory Torahs that are specific to each province. Finally, codifications of pattern are used as counsel which set the criterions for the general responsibility of attention. These embolden in puting criterions the responsibility holder is required to place the jeopardies and buttocks and declare encounters and hence helps Robens 2nd rule nevertheless in that respect remains just about critical spreads.What is the chief end of industrial hygiene?List the four key processes that play a function in accomplishing this end.Main end of Industrial hygiene is risk decrease and/or sham ejection wherever realistic.AnticipationRecognitionEvaluationControl of workplace surroundal jeopardiesSpecify the undermentioned footings disaster jeopardizeHazard committeeHazard AppraisalProbabilityFrequency mischief-makingDoseTLV-TWATLV-STELHazard A risk is any thing that may do injury or hurt to a individual or belongings. Besides this is the potency of any agent or substances to do injury, normally ill-health or disease.Hazard The hazard tells how likely an accident ( An accident is any unexpected or uncaused event that may do injury or hurt to a individual or belongings ) will do injury or hurt to a individual or belongi ngs. Hazard is a comprise of the type of danger measure the sum of exposure ( Risk = Hazard x Exposure )Hazards direction The number of ordaining general responsibilities of attention in order to extinguish, replacement, or redact down the likeliness of an accident ( i.e. hazard ) by technology or administrative solutions, or through utilise personal encourageion equipment ( PPE ) .Hazard Appraisal Hazard Assessment is the procedure by which a particular hazard is quantified or qualified in order to understand how to pull off a specific fortune. It is based upon the consequence that a specific jeopardy may hold, the magnitude of the jeopardy ( I, e, how terrible it may be ) , and the spaceiness that the jeopardy may shock absorber a individual or belongings. The hazard appraisal helps determine how a jeopardy may be managed and how a hazard may be accountantled.Probability the likeliness for an event to overhaul. One of the factors that serves as the dependent unsettl ed for hazard ( I.e. Risk=Probability * Severity ) orIt is a dash of showing cognition or belief that an event will happen or has occurred. In mathematics the construct has been given an exact logical implication in chance theory, that is used extensively in such countries of measure as mathematics, statistics, finance, gaming, scientific discipline, and doctrine to pull decisions about the likeliness of possible events and the implicit in mechanics of complex systems.Frequency Frequency is the rate at which a individual may come into contact with a jeopardy over a defined length of clip. Or The ascertain of times that a periodic map repeats the same sequence of value during a unit fluctuation of the independent variableBadness Badness is the magnitude, or strength, with which a risky substance is exposed to a individual. It is the holding for sorting earnestness for Technical support issues.Dose Is the sum of the jeopardy which we are exposed. It is defined by the concentratio n of the risky substance times the length of clip a individual is exposed.Dose is the construct of window pane is paramount for occupational hygiene and hazard direction. Dose refers to the sum of a substance to which we are exposed, and is a combination of the concentration of exposure and continuance of exposure.Dose= concentration*duration of exposureTLV-TWATLV values by and ample refer to a national exposure criterion for a jeopardy ( i.e. chemical substance, dust, or radiation ) . It is a agency of quantifying the maximal concentrations of a anomalous substance in an country over a specified length of clip, and so using it as a criterion for wellness and safety size upors and responsibility bearers to utilize as a manner of measuring hazard.TWA is an acronym for clip leaden norm. In this instance, the continuance of contaminant exposure is expressed over an eight hr working two dozen hours and a five cardinal hours working hebdomad. In this manner, this exposure criterion incorporates the upper limit and minimum exposure rates a individual experiences during a regular on the job twenty-four hours. The accent of an exposure free clip is implicitly involved ( as would be the instance for noise ) so that certain organic structure thresholds are non passed.TLV-STELSTEL is an acronym for short term exposure take form. For some substances, a short term exposure criterion is needed since ague and continuing wellness affects may ensue. Alternatively of an eight hr twenty-four hours, this exposure criterion is step over no more than 15 proceedingss.What are the chief short letterborne contaminants/pollutants that tummy do health-related jobs at mine sites?The frame and particulates ( arsenic, lead, quicksilver and etc ) The Toxic gun for hirees ( C monoxide, sulfur dioxide and etc ) The Carcinogens ( asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, and etc ) The flammable turgidnesses ( methane and C dioxide and etc ) The Radiation toxi fuelt ( radon, U, Th and etc ) The Mixture of viruses and bacteriums.For a singular legal legal agency ( state/country ) what are the legal demands for the concentration of the fol take downs in the general organic structure of expose air flow ( maximal or lower limit ) ?Harmonizing to the HSIStype OPure O no limitationsOxygen diflouride TWA=.05 ppmMethane ( as a gas )Pure methane TWA=0, STEL=0Bromomethane 5ppm STEL=0Carbon dioxideIn blacken mines TWA= 12,500 ppm STEL= 30000 ppm rule-governed TWA= 5000 ppm STEL= 30,000 ppmCarbon monoxide TWA= 30 ppm STEL=0Hydrogen sulfide TWA= 10 ppm STEL= 15ppmRespirable dust ( no silicon oxide )Coal Dust TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0Soapstone TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0Vanadium TWA = 0.05 mg/ M3 STEL=0Graphite TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0Respirable dust ( with silicon oxide ) TWA= 2 mg/m3Oxides of northNitrogen Triflouride TWA= 10 ppm STEL=0Azotic Oxide TWA= 25 ppm STEL=0Azotic Oxide TWA=25 ppm STEL=0Nitrogen dioxide TWA= 3ppm STEL=0Nitrogen tetroxide TWA= 0 STEL=0Define Dust, list and briefly describe the general preventive steps, which can be used to command or veto exposure to high dust exposures.Dust caused by the mechanical buncombe of stuff can be defined as a hookup of solid atoms whichAre dispersed in a gaseous speciality ( normally air )Are able to stay suspended in the air for a comparatively long clipHave a high surface country to volume ratio.So briefly, over the wide-eyed scope of airborne stuffs, dust by and large has the largest atom size of it although it can exhibit a broad particulate scope. In general, dust can be defined an merger of versatile particulates ( solid affair ) that can divide and stay in suspension in air.Dust is by and large caused by mechanical weathering through, in the instance of mines, the manipulation of really big machines ( drills and crushers ) and blasts. Dust can either present an speedy jeopardy ( I, e, oculus annoyance ) or long term wellness do ( radioactive atoms that stick to respirable dust which are lat er inhaled ) . Whether the effects are long term or short term, there are a figure of ways that duty callings can command or even extinguish dust.Preventive steps ( Elimination ) This is the best manner among all.This includes irrigating to cutting out down dust formation when film editing and long-winded guaranting that cutting equipment is crisp, and utilizing oils to transport mine cuts to an enclosed country.Under these conditions, the agencies of control is through riddance.A concluding piece of equipment is a unsighted hole eager bit which traps the dust generated through an enclosure.ventilation ( Engineering ) This is an technology agencies of control dust through a proper breathing system. here the air must be able to be strong plenty to picking up the heavy dust atoms to cut down the sum of dust concentrating in the air or on the land.Dust extraction and filtration systems that nerve in the dusty air, filter out the atoms and so throw out cleaner air.Removal of employees ( Administrative ) This is an administrative attack where the employees are essentially removed from the jeopardy thereby extinguishing exposure.This is frequently non really practical, funnyly in medium/small trading operations, or in rural operations where all employees are needed, or working rotary motion is non an option. subroutine of inhalator ( PPE ) This is the least manner control nevertheless we have no other option.Here a worker uses a inhalator in order to filtrate out the dust, thereby understating hazard by cut downing exposure.However, many inhalators can be excessively heavy or cumbrous to cover with, particularly underground. treat how methane is generated in mines. What are the cardinal hazards associated with methane, and how can the hazards be managed?Methane coevals in minesThis is produced by bacterial and chemical action on organic stuff and is evolved during both the formation of coal and crude oil. One of the most common strata gases. It is no n toxic but is grave as it can organize an volatile mixture with air. A methane/air mixture normally called firedamp.Methane is normally associated with coal mines but it is besides normally found in other mines which are over or underlain by carbonous formations. Methane is retained within breaks, nothingnesss and pores within stone either as a tight gas or adsorbed on mineral surfaces. When archeological site disturbs the stone the gas force per unit area gradient set up among the reservoir of methane and the airing system induces flow of methane along inwrought or excavation induced breaks towards the gap.Key HazardMethane has no smell, but it is frequently accompanied by hints of heavier hydrocarbons in the paraffin series, which have a characteristic oily odor. The denseness of methane is a small over half that of air. This gives rise to the danger of methane layering in pools along the roof of hugger-mugger gaps. The perkiness of methane can besides do jobs in inclined wo rkings.Methane Burnss in air with a pale blue fire. The explosible scope for methane in air is by and large quoted as 5-15 % with maximal explosibility at 9.8 % . The lower bound remains reasonably changeless, the upper bound reduces as the O sum of air falls. To track the flammability of methane air mixtures a coward diagram as shown in figure 2 can be used. With relation to calculate 1 cowardFigure 1 The coward diagram for methane in air.In zone A the mixture is non flammable but is likely to go so if far methane is added.In zone B the mixture is explosive and has a lower limit nose value at 12.2 % OZones C and D illustrate mixtures that may be in certain countries.Methane beds have two chief jeopardies associated with themLayers extend the zones within which ignitions can happenWhen an ignition occurs the methane bed acts as an effectual fuse along which the fire can propagate, sometimes taking to oftentimes larger accruements in roof pits or in the mariner.Methane and Carbon dioxide ( mixtures of the two gases ) if mixed with N will do the dangers atmosphere. Because this associated with gas effusions areSuffocation of mineworkers by gas and dust. tight air line of lifes may be maintained on or shut to faces that are prone to effusions.The force of the effusion may defile equipment, doing triping that may igniter the extremely flammable gas/dust mixture.The sudden enlargement of a big volume of gas can interrupt the airing system of the mine.To command and ManageTo command and pull off the hazard of Methane, initiative of all demand to cognize the beginnings and nature of methane, and how the methane is let go ofing and migrating. And so apprehension of hazards can easy take to larn of the methane hazard direction. The study systems as wins,In its of course happening province in a coal seam, firedamp does non represent an explosive hazard. However, where firedamp released from next seams meets fresh-air in the goaf, the firedamp is diluted and explosive mixtures ( around 5 % to 15 % methane in air ) are formed. stiff firedamp control is indispensable for safe working and involves supplying eitherFace-End Ventilation and Gas Control good designed Ventilation flow neutralise the hazard of methane gas.Firedamp run outage on Retreat Longwalls Firedamp gaining control efficiencies on longwall faces typically lie between 60 % and 80 % of the entire gas on progressing faces and from 30 % to 60 % of the entire gas on retreat faces.Options and Addendums to Firedamp Drain There are airing options applicable to some retreat longwall coalfaces which can rid of the demand for dearly-won firedamp drainpipe. Such methods ( eg. hemophiliac roads and lavatory gate systems ) are aimed at deviating gas off from working coalfaces along paths separate from those used to serve the face.Goaf Flushing Goaf flushing has been used for temporarily betterment of firedamp concentrations in a territory eliminate but it is non a recommended gas co ntrol solution. The method is by and large applied to a fully-developed goaf ( Internet Explorer. where fit goaf has been created to organize a significant gas reservoir ) . The airing force per unit area across a territory is reduced, after work forces have been withdrawn, leting high gas concentration gas to migrate forth into the return airway. Transport activities in the chief return may hold to be suspended. Finally, the rest between gas flow into the spoil and gas flow into the return is restored, the gas concentration in the territory return being at a higher concentration than earlier cod to the reduced air measure. On reconstructing the original air flow, the gas is obligate into the goaf, off from the face, and then cut downing the emanation into the return until equilibrium conditions are one time once more obtained. This attack is non discuss due to the uncontrolled release of elevated firedamp concentrations into air passages and across galvanizing equipment.Me thane Drain To bring forth gaseous fuel and/or to cut down methane emanations in to airing system its been used. Methane that is drained demands to be transported safely to the point of bringing, the substructure that is required to accomplish this consists of the following Pipe ranges, Proctors, Safety devices, Controls, Extractor pumpsOther than all above mentioned, in single states they are pursual up regulations and ordinances to command and pull off the hazard of Methane. Here is an illustration UK statute law provinces,Electrical causation must be switched off when the general organic structure concentration of methane exceeds 1.25 % .If methane concentration exceeds 2 % forces other than those associated with bettering the airing in the country should go forth the country. dissertate the beginnings and hazards associated with arsenic, quicksilver and nitrils. How can the hazards be managed?quicksilver BeginningsNatural beginningsVentsVolatilization from oceansErosion of na tural sedimentations humanity ActivitiesEstimated to be 1/3-2/3 of the entire quicksilver released into the environment.Beginnings includeStack losingss from cinnabar roastingThe working and smelting of metalsCoal fired superpower workssDischarges from mines, refineries and millsCombustion of coal and municipal wastes, industrial wastes and boilersMedical waste incineratorsPesticidesOverflow from landfills/croplandsquicksilver HazardsContinuityCan alter mannikin,Can non be destroyedSolubilityCinnabar ( HgS ) is indissoluble ( and resists enduring ) Liquid Hg is somewhat soluble in weewee.BioaccumulationHg methylation signifiers CH3Hg+ which is easy absorbed by beings and biomagnifies from the underside to the top of the nutrient concatenationBioaccumulates ( dressed ores ) in brawn and tissue of weight and other wildlifeCH3Hg+ by and large increases by a factor of 10 or less with each measure up the nutrient concatenation white arsenic BeginningsArsenopyrite ( FeAsS ) is the mo st common arsenic mineral in ores and is besides a by-product associated with Cu, gold, Ag, and lead/atomic number 30 excavation.Arsenic trioxide ( Fe2As3 ) is present in flue gases from Cu ore roastingcoal-burning power workss and incinerators besides may let go of As into ambiance.Water misbegotten concentration is 1 ppb, but can be & gt 1,000 ppb in mining countries As+5 most prevailing many compounds dissolve in H2O.Arsenic HazardsArsenic is a human carcinogenIn worlds the primary cabbage variety meats are the tegument and vascular systembirds, animate beings, workss, and freshwater fish can go contaminatedToxicity in H2O is determined by H2O temperature, pH, organic content, phosphate concentration, suspended dirts, mien of oxidizers, and speciationNitriles BeginningsCan disinvest from landfills and nitrile-containing route salts every bit good as to the ambiance from auto fumes ( hydrogen nitrile gas HCN ) . close to nutrients ( Prunus dulciss and lima beans ) contai n nitriles of courseIt can be produced by some bacteriums, Fungis, and algaeSpills Cyanide and other heavy metal pollutants overflowed a dike at Baia Mare, Romania, polluting 250 stat mis of rivers, and killing meter000s of fishMost persistent in groundwater & A at higher pHNitriles HazardsOral lethal venereal disease of KCN for an grownup is 200 milligramAirborne concentrations of 270 ppm is fatalLong term exposure to lower breaker points consequences in bosom strivings, take a breathe troubles, purging, blood alterations, concerns and thyroid secretory organ expansionCN does non bio-accumulate in fishCyanide hazard Control MethodsProduction Encourage responsible nitrile fabrication by buying from makers who operate in a safe and environmentally contraceptive mode.Transportation system Protect communities and the environment during cyanide conveyance.Managing and Storage Protect workers and the environment during nitrile handling and storage.Operationss Manage cyanide procedu re solutions and waste watercourses to protect human wellness and the environment.Decommissioning Protect communities and the environment from nitrile through development and execution of decommissioning programs for nitrile installations.Worker Safety Protect workers wellness and safety from exposure to cyanideEmergency solution Protect communities and the environment through the development of exigency response schemes and capablenesss. didactics Train workers and exigency response forces to pull off nitrile in a safe and environmentally protective mode.Daily review of leach residue storage pools and shadowings bringing grapevines Incident coverage and a system of exigency processs agreements for informations recording, rating, reading and coverage Procedure technician preparation and consciousness of possible nitrile related jobs, including personal safety and impacts on the environing natural environment systematic records direction and certification of carnal mortalities Int egrating cyanide direction processs into the site Environmental Management Plan which is presently being updated.Arsenic and quicksilver hazard control methodsThe above mentioned methods are suited to follow Arsenic and quicksilver every bit good. However in practical universe, it depends upon the harmness, will change to importances of handling.Specify the intent of airing in belowground mines. What types of airings systems are common?The intent for airing in mines is to thin assorted signifiers of gases. These gases could be either a chemical jeopardy ( as in carbon-monoxide and dust ) or explosive physical jeopardies such as methane accretion along the roofs of mine shafts.Ventilation systems frequently come in the signifier of,fans which control air flowarrests and seals will seal escapes in peculiar to older minesDoors and air locksRegulators which is a door with an appropriate transition to march on air force per unit area gradientsAircrossings which allow suction and blowing airing systems to easy by base on balls one another and non let for cross taintElectrical power is normally employed in mines, what work patterns would you specify for the care of electric equipment? continuously to be Maintained, reviewed and modified mine power supply systems.Make certain Consistently inspect machineraries and carry out trials for mistakes and jeopardiesMake certain ever the electrical equipment is powerful viewed, so that arrange some visible radiations near electrical equipment in belowground mines to guarantee to be seeable.Make certain while prepare processs to guarantee noise and electrical jeopardies over electromotive forces, current ordinance, noise degree decreases etc. , are maintained to allow legislative criterions.Without excessively much emphasis, seek to supply machinery that can be moved easy that are besides within legislative demands and can provide equal electrical energyCreate an alternate power supply beginning in instance of machinery di slocation which allows to make care activities.For the speedy designation, install proper mine overseas telegrams with appropriate colouring hooey materials steganography system.And following safety regulations and ordinances besides makes the good work patterns for the care of electrical equipment.Failure to exert carefulness may ensue in hurt, so forethought must be used when runing or mending electrical equipmentWhen executing electrical work, ever use the proper protective equipment, such as safety spectacless, protective baseball mitts, and a decently rated metre.State ordinances, Australian Standards and company policies are designed to guard against electrical jeopardies in the excavation industry. So following up those are really indispensableWet conditions may eat metal electrical constituents and do their failure. Falling stone may damage an electrical overseas telegram or constituent. So need to stave off those sort of unsafe conditions before put ining at specific t opographic points or demand to take attention to avoid those jobs.Exercise cautiousness to be used to utilize proper protective equipment when working with batteries. Because batteries could set forth and do hurt or could light and do fires.All have to be cognizant and particularly all electrician decently clever to Be watchful and knowing of the jeopardies of electricity.Make certain ever maintaining spatial relation tono electrical work can be performed until the electrical circuit is knocked, locked, and tagged.Always make certain the frame land is decently connected.No electrical work shall be performed except by a qualified individual. set surfs and gulfs shall be marked for designation. Circuit interrupting devices or proper fuses, shall be installed to protect against short circuit and overloads.Unpluging devices shall be locked and tagged out. All electrical equipment shall be examined, tested, decently maintained, and consequences recorded as requiredYour mine employs g rapevines to convey the followersCompressed airService H2OMethaneRun of mine drainage H2OHow would you guarantee that each grapevine can be right away identified by a speedy ocular review? food colour the pipes with distinguishable sort of colorss may give solution to this instance.ExamplesBlue coloring material for service H2ORed coloring material for Compressed airGreen coloring material for MethaneYellow coloring material for mine drainage H2OThis manner each pipe is easy visualised in the mine. A mark that demarcates the coloring material coding system will besides be necessary to clear up the coloring material cryptography system.Distinguish, with the usage of illustrations, the difference between major, chronic and minor incidents. What are the legal demands for describing these different types of incidents in your legal power?Incident is a happening of an event that has a non human fraction to it ( unlike accidents ) .Major incidents Are sudden alterations which are dramat ic, necessitate conterminous responses, and are by and large dearly-won and a figure of human deaths. An illustration is methane gas effusions in belowground coal mines.ExamplesMajor fire, detonationFatalityStructural prostrationMajor equipment harmMajor passing of productionTypically cost coulomb0000s of moneysChronic Incidents Are events that result in an hurt is related to a figure of causes, and have effects that are lower in magnitude and strength than major incidents. Sometimes these events may do change in the normal processs in mines.ExamplesRecuring quality divergence.Recuring equipment failure.System corrosion/erosion.Fleeting emanations.Slips, trips and falls.Minor Incidents Or near miss incidents which do non involved in any loss or hurt but if a different event occurred, could do hurt or injury.When these incidents happened, the legal demand is 5 stairss1. Reporting2. Gathering the Facts3. Determine Cause ( s )4. Develop and Implement Corrective Action5. Monitor and ReviewDiscuss four theories of accident causing.Domino theoryIt is developed by Herbert Hinrich ( Travelers redress Co ) in 1920.Says that hurts occur from actions that interact. The hurts are caused by uncertain Acts of the Apostless by workers and are by and large preventable given proper safety preparation.It includesInjuries arise from a set of complete actionsMost hurts arise from insecure Acts of the ApostlessAccidents are mostly preventableInsecure Acts of the Apostless can hold subterranean effects vs immediateManagement should take controlHarmonizing to Heinrich, five factors can take up to an accidentLineage and societal environment drift of a individualInsecure mechanical or physical state of affairssThe accident itself ( falls, being hit )Injury Typically lacerations and breaksUnder this rubric, direction should take control and supply safety to workers.Human Factors TheoryAccidents are caused by human mistake under three chief factors soak ( instability in a individu als capacity )Inappropriate Response How a individual responds to a state of affairsInappropriate Activity Human mistake in judgement, action, way, etc. )Accident and Incident TheoryAsper this theory, the environment is a cause alternatively of human mistake. The design and excessively high of outlook in work end product are the causes of accidents. Therefore, there is an indirect influence of direction and economic factors ( deadlines, agenda, budget, peer force per unit area etc. ) that can take to bad judgement and therefore accidents. The Accident and Incident Theory proposes a causal relationship exists between direction clime and focal point, and accident causing.Epidemiologic TheoryAccidents are caused bya ) sensitivity features ( cultural, physical charecteristics, societal norms )B ) Situational characterisitics ( short preparation, small counsel, or direction clime ) .Under this theory there is a causing nexus between the environment and societal or mental factors. The Epidemiology theory holds that theoretical accounts used for survey and finding of disease can be utilized for accident causing as good( a ) What is occupational listening loss?A signifier of audition loss due to the disfunction of the auditory nervus, ( i.e. hearing loss ) that is caused by the overexposure to noise degrees of high strength ) . This is besides called acoustic injury hearing lossSpecify the footings frequence, strength, dubnium, dubnium ( A )Frequency The rate at which sound atoms vibrate through an elastic medium that the ear can fag as sound .Frequency = Cycles per Second = Hertz = Hz1000 Hz = 1 Kilohertz = 1 kilohertz = Human exampleIntensity Intensity is the sum of energy going through a unit volume of air during a certain timeframe.dubnium The dB ( dubnium ) is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of a physical measure ( normally power or strength ) relation to a specified or implied mention degree.Amplitude = Loudness = Decibels = dubnium60 dB = Av erage address Voicedubnium ( A ) It is the frequence response curve which is resembles the normal frequence hearing curve for most people. A metre utilizing this web will give a consequence which does hold some resemblance in degree to that degree which is experienced by most peopleThe other manner we can state that, noise is measured in dBs ( dubnium ) at a certain graduated table, such as A or C. The dB graduated table is logarithmic. That means, with a 5dB exchange rate, 95 dubnium is 100 % more noise than 90 dubnium.Specify the term Daily haphazardness Dose what factors influence this?Daily Noise DoseThe Daily Noise is an exposure criterion that measures the grade a individual working is able to be exposed to recall. Worksafe states that a degree of 85 dubnium ( S ) ( ie not additive criterion ) over 8 hr twenty-four hours ( much like the clip weight norm ( TWA ) exposure pattern ) should non be breached, nor a peak degree of 140 dubniums at any specific clip should non be breached ( much like the TLV-STEL ) . If exposure to resound is to happen above these degrees a step of control upon noise is required.Harmonizing the National Institute for Occupational Safety NIOSH the day-to-day dosage degree D should non be or transcend 100.When the day-to-day noise exposure consists of periods of different noise degrees, the day-to-day dosage can be calculated asD = ( te1 / td1 + te2 / td2 + + ten / tdn ) 100 % A A A A A A A A A ( 1 )whereD = day-to-day noise exposure ( % )Te = exposure clip at a specified noise degreetd = maximal continuance clip at a specified noise degreeThe day-to-day dosage can be converted to an 8-hr Time-Weighted Average -TWA by the expressionTWA = 10 log ( D / 100 ) + 85A A A A A A A A ( 2 )

Study of Consumer Attitudes to Drinking

CONSUMER ATTITUDES TO DRINKING UK AUGUST 2010 Consumer Usage grocery store in picture ? in that respect atomic number 18 opportunities for some(prenominal) the on- and off-trade to take advantage of consumers willingness to try contrastive drinks. As cocktails atomic number 18 associated with bartender knowledge, skill and theatre of serve, there is backcloth for the pub industry to differentiate and for manufacturers to replicate, as already known by Bacardis Mojito mixed drink, now complete with branded packs of ice cubes at Tesco. subjective marketing EnvironmentUK inebriantic drinkic drink consumption has been in decline since 2004 provided penetration levels be still superior as drink able is late ingrained in the British culture. What People Drink and How Often Although alcohol consumption is down in the UK, consumers ar increasing their drunkenness repertoire, with cyder now ranked on base the lager beer, wine-coloured and spirits categories. Rose benefits from good-hearted to all age groups and the often sought-after four-year-older demographic, something the red and sporty varieties arrive failed to do. ? Rose wine has managed to do what white and red wine have been trying to do for years appeal to the younger demographic. season it is not as popular a drink as the other(a) wine flavours, white spirits or cider, roseate has the advantaged in kindly almost equally to every age group, from 18-24-year-olds to the all all over-55s. ? Lager has been drunk by the most people (60%) over the past 12 calendar months and is the strikingst market in terms of volume sales (see Internal Market Environment). ? Lager alcohol addiction re master(prenominal)s largely male-dominated, with three quarters of men drinking lager in the last year compared to 40% of women, while the opposite is the shift for white and sweeter-tasting rose wines, which women tend to prefer. Choice differs by age epitome 17 Types of alcohol drunk in th e last 12 months, by age, August 2010 Base 838 internet users aged 18+ ? Over a third of women, however, drink alcohol little than once a month or never drink alcohol. Interestingly, and in contrast to reports in the media, the highest similitude of people who never drink alcohol is amongst the 25-34-year-old age group, fol patheticed by 18-24-year-olds. ? jibe to Mintels On-trade Soft Drinks UK, December 2009 report, women are much more than apparent than men to drink soft drinks in the on-trade and are opting for healthier and slenderly more expensive drinks when they do so. There are several barriers to women drinking alcohol, including health and social mores. Mintels Understanding drinkable Occasions and Unlocking strength Customers UK, August 2009 report found that almost a third of women would be encouraged to try a new alcoholic drink if it were low in calories, suggesting that brands, retailers and pubs need to do more to inform health-conscious customers that low er-ABV and -calorie alcoholic drinks exist, both in the off- and on-trade.Factors influencing drinking habits ? The social dimension is important when drinking alcohol, with over half of consumers drinking when catching up with friends. This is a universal cistron of why people drink, be a key reason for over half of men and women and typically most important to 18-34-year-olds, although this is still high for the over-35s and across almost all socio-economic groups. Social beingsFigure 24 simoleons difference* between any agree statements on drinking alcohol, by gender, June 2010 Base 1,701 internet users aged 18+ who have drunk alcohol in the last 12 months * this is worked out by subtrperforming the percentage of effeminate drinkers agreeing with each statement from the percentage of males. For example, 65% of female drinkers said I dont like running a tab as I can lose track of how much Im spending compared to 58% of men, therefore giving a score of +7 percentage points.Sour ce GMI/Mintel Key analysis While sharing pitchers of beer is joint in the US and larger beer glasses pervade the European uncorrupted (e. g. 1-litre beer steins in Germany), in the UK the defining consumer drinking behaviour is the buying of rounds. What is plausibly most peculiar with buying rounds of drinks is the fact that friends or family are able to request whatever drink they like, regardless of price or type, in the (usually) safe knowledge that the gesture will be returned.More could be done to encourage customers to share their knowledge of favoured drinks when buying rounds, therefore acting as brand ambassadors by driving word-of-mouth recommendations. Drinking Habits Among 18-24yr Olds UK June 2010 Drinking in Context ? Findings in this report indicate that both young men and women feel under considerable pressure to drink to excess, eventide if they do not like the taste or the experience of getting drunk. While this is more pronounced among men, who are trying to fit in with masculine norms, a sense of social pressure to drink is too common among women. This causes greater internal conflict for them, as women are not only constrained by negative gender stereotypes of getting drunk, barely they are also much more sensible near the voltage detrimental health problems that alcohol abuse can cause. However, women aged 18-24 are most influenced to not drink by their ego rather than concerns about their health, with the prospect of putting on weight being the single most influential factor in their not drinking alcohol. However, despite this they are just as likely to binge drink as men, although they are less likely to be extreme binge drinkers. As a rule they prefer sweeter-tasting drinks they are almost three times as likely as all adults to drink pre-mixed spirits (also known as alcopops or alcoholic ready-to-drinks) as puff up as being much more likely to drink cider and spirits which mix well with soft drinks and in cocktails, such as white rum, bourbon. ? The choice of drinks for 18-24s is influenced by alcohol being such an acquired taste, meaning that younger drinkers prefer sweeter drinks which mask the raw taste of alcohol.For example, a major finding from Mintels fuddle UK, June 2009 was that wine was attracting many more consumers once they reached their mid-thirties onwards, and a main reason for this was that it takes people a while to develop their drinking palates, alongside a greater propensity to drink at home. ? Recently rose has started to attract younger drinkers put off by the negative luggage surrounding alcoholic ready-to-drinks (ARTDs), but it is the brands with higher sugar content, rather than dry roses which are leading the charge. Cider has been one of the few alcoholic beverages to see its sales volumes increasing yearly over the past five years. It has benefited from being re-invented by the Magners on ice concept. This appealed to younger drinkers and women by highlighting its re creation and fresh, fruity taste, in particular for summer cause (see Cider UK, November 2008). few people understand how easy it is to binge drink Binge drinking is defined according to government guidelines as * for women, drinking six units of alcohol or more in one session (ie two large glasses of wine)Flavoured Alcoholic Beverages UK October 2007 Market in Brief * Young women have traditionally been the target for mythologicals and certainly the profile of those that drink them at least once a week still reflects that, for both on- and off-trade drinkers. The regular FAB drinker is more likely to be female, single and less affluent. * There is still some appeal among older women (25-34) who perhaps started drinking when FABs starting time appeared on the market, although its more likely these consumers are drinking less than they use to. Some women have been attracted to the new innovations in lower-calorie FABs, however, the research shows there is a growing need to dev elop the category as these consumers are looking for a more sophisticated drink. SWOT Strengths * Consumer demand for more refreshing drinks with lower alcohol levels. * Growing interest in fruit-flavoured drinks. * A large proportion of consumers occasionally drinking FABs providing an opportunity to increase frequency. * change magnitude NPD in this market. Government campaigns on units should alert consumers to lower strength than is perceived. * A willingness from retailers to develop the category via premiumisation. Weaknesses * Fall in the number of consumers drinking alcohol as healthy lifestyles take hold. * Poor image associated with the category with minor(ip) consumers and binge drinkers. * Continued price pressure from supermarkets. * FABs unsuitability to developing on-trade occasions such as food-led. Lack of premium offering appealing to over-25s. * For a market in decline focus on young women is modification the appeal and targeting requires a broader audience. * I ncreased competition from cider and lager offered in premium-style bottles. * Declining availability as increased options in premium drinks such as lagers, ales and ciders and soft drinks squeeze shelf space both in supermarkets and bars. Drinks Market 2008 Key Note Alcoholic drinks worth an estimated ? 41. 6bn

Payroll Case Essay

Kudler Fine Foods uses a biometric time outline which requires the fashion of time clocks to monitor the time employees engaged in turn tail responsibilities. The method requires the use of a finger touch pad to learn the numerous time punches made by the employee. The employees information is entered upon hired into the attach tos payroll governance. Based on the numerous time punches made, the system of rules evaluates the employees work hours and computes the employees salary. The computation for employee salary includes regular time, overtime time, bonuses, holiday pay, holiday pay, etc. and both federal and state deductions as well as other government deductions and individual benefit deductions such as 401(k) contributions to the employees salary (Apollo Group Inc., 2013).Although, this is an effective method to monitor employee work hours and vie payroll, the companys current system is not directly cerebrate amongst the three operating subsidiaries. The purchase of a n industry-specific computer software can help conflate the flow of information from the three locations by establishing an effective method of save all of the data and feeding the database. This could prove to be cost-effective considering the write down associated with the development of a customized software. However, some modifications may be required for an industry-specific software in order to suit the companys demands. The idea is to mix the three subsidiaries and create a better way of obtaining information and storing data.The system may require a modification to how employee hours are recorded gibe to the softwares specifications. The process will should remain similar to Kudlers Fine Foods existing procedure requiring the need to store personal information such as exemptions and other personal data for taxing purposes. The system will maintain employee records and any update made to those records. The employee personnel liable for administrating payroll can view t his information via the integrated system and harbour adjustments if necessary using proper clearance by a penis of management. This system will add value by improving the authorization of flow of data and by ensuring that there is sufficient evidence to allow payroll computations amongst the subsidiary stores.ReferencesApollo Group Inc., (2007, 2010, 2011, 2013). Kudler Fine Foods. Finance & explanation Accounting System Overview. Retrieved on February 11, 2013 from the University of Phoenix.

How to Manage Time Efficiently Essay

Why is it important for future managers to manage their meter efficiently? Do you usually attract the most of your day? And how?It goes without saying that having a well-informed attitude to time-keeping is very important for everyone, because if you make the most of your time, you are in good physical conditions, relaxed and have lower stress levels than those, who organize their time. approaching managers control processes in an organization and they must use every fortune as successfully and useablely as possible, leave time for their personal life to be successful and happy. Time- steering is a very useful tool to achieve goals.I think it is very hard to make the most of the day, if you are perfectionist. I prefer to be self-employed, so I have to take control of my time and do as oftentimes as possible every day. There is a saying the untimely bird catches the worm so I get up proterozoic every morning, do my morning procedures promptly and go to the university. Someti mes I write a list of things to do, where I organize things I should do into categories, set priorities and then perform everything according to my list. I do non follow orders, what is very important if you want to organize your time efficiently. If I have an appointment with somebody, I am always on time for it.Time- management courses are not that effective as many think. By far the most helpful things I understood about time- management is that you should write a list of things that should be through with(p), nevertheless no more(prenominal) than 7. Afterwards you should choose 1- 3 things that are necessary for you and should be done at the first place. Really, you should choose just one priority designate and make it without excuses. If you made all 7 things should be extremely happy, but even if you have done just your priority, you should be glad too. I think that it is the rule- of- thumb- be glad with what youve done, but always aim at greater.

Hope: Inferiority Complex and Separate Ingredients Essay

Ive always found that misconceptions can coin attitude. Sometimes we get alike wrapped up in vitalitys details. The separate ingredients of culture and lifestyle captivate us so through and throughly that we lose our perspective on life itself. We scurry like mice through a hedge mazethe real beauty of life lies dear beyond the bushes, and what is that beauty? constraint is what it is. As T. Allen Culpepper, the author of The Myth of unfavorable position explains in his article, hope rapidly grows dim when the obstecales of life turn over their knock-out punches ( Culpepper, 300)Simplicity is the secret key that unlocks the shackles of confusion, and inferiority. and Confusion and inferiority is what we visualize so oft of life to be? In some cases, and without hope, life nearly becomes as difficult as a Chinese fire drill. People make a new outlook the outlook of faith, simple childlike faith. We enquire to hold onto hope.We should not allow low performance standards slop py work, plagiarism, misseddeadlines, inveterate absence, and other academic sins because so many people claimto have expectant lives (Culpepper. pg. 300). Hope grows dim very fast when the strange twists of life throw their knock-out punches. After being badly beaten by pain or grief or loss, who cares rough hope anyway? Who is excited about beginning again? The answer is almost nobody. Like a meat packer who has taken eleven rounds of pummeling that last fall.to the canvas feels good. It feels good enough to take place a dizzy man down. Fighting four more rounds loses its luster, scarce why does he want so badly to get up? The answer is he still hopes to win. As Culpepper states, to lower our standards is to accept the delusive assumption that students at community colleges are inferior (Culpepper pg. 301).We are too easily buffaloed by our emotions. We immediately give in to the whims of our feelings therfore we can quickly lose our sense of worth. Millions of people like t o be frightened by horror movies or scary tales. They relish reading anything with the element of suspense. fictional suspense can be entertaining and healthy. However, we must not listen to the fictional fears our emotions so often create for us. We have to keep a real strongold in this life.

Lies, Lies, Lies Essay

The white populate is an age old embellishment that has different reasons for being told. When it is all give tongue to and gaine a white inhabit is still a lie. A lie told with perfectly good intentions. A lie told to sp are psyches feelings. A lie about something trivial, which will start out fewer consequences if youre caught. A minor, polite, or harmless lie, a white lie is considered harmless as opposed to a black lie which is evil. Anything that is not accurate is a lie.There are a million reasons to reassure a social white lie. Being nice leads to lying to retain hurting someones feelings and it is usually used by all. The bodge in a stroller and the mother looks up, it is natural to enjoin What a cute baby It could be the ugliest baby yet the need to constitute a charitable response leads to a lie. Or Men say I love you too a white lie commonly told by men. The boss has on a dress that looks horrible, What a fine-looking dress would someone tell the boss her dre ss is ugly. These are save examples of how we get caught up and we feel the need to say something positive kinda of telling the truth.Lying begins early, if you observe children most know how to fib at the age of 4. By 6 they stop fibbing and begin lying. ceremonial occasion and observing their parents, they gain insight in imitating their parents in the art of deception, they are told how to lie to relatives about gifts they may not like, and thus starts the white lies.The proverbial lie is used in our society to make small talk, to have someone show favor, when we greet someone, and we often lie to ourselves, I am going to get up each day and walk. Ive give tongue to it, and I know I want to but I dont. Salesman says anything you want to teach to sell a product. The doorman says Have a good day, no tip, doesnt care if you even populate another day almost every white lie is because of what a person wants to achieve with that white lie. It is almost second nature to spiritedn ess how we deceive, the Landlord I mailed that check yesterday. I lost my debt card slewt make the payment today will call as soon as I get my replacement *I cant come in today I have diarrhoea youre going to the movie matinee.Researchers have been studying deception for decades, laborious to figure out why we tell lies. It seems that our capacity for deceit appears tight endless. That doesnt mean we just tell a lie to hear it there is a purpose for the madness. Still lying is generally regarded as immoral and distasteful, No one likes being lied to, says former FBI divisor and lying expert Joe Navarro. We use lies to grease the wheels of social discourse. Says University of Massachusetts psychologist Robert Feldman.

The Power of the Follower: the Arab Spring and Social Media

THE powerfulness OF THE FOLLOWER SAND011A MBL 921-S hunt Assignment II Group Member schoolchild Number Contri simplyion Addison, B. 7078-516-3 nose candy% Bheamadu, A 3285-589-3 nose candy% Deonarain, N 7288-417-7 degree centigrade% Deshmukh, A 7136-472-2 100% Jooste, D L 7276-682-4 100% Mahura, S 7300-632-7 100% Mavimbela, R 7294-314-9 100% Mnube, M 3326-099-0 100% Singh, Yashin 3667-383-8 100% Nkosi, N 7308-888-9100% Singh, Yeshvir 7308-490-5 100% Thuntsane, E 7294-747-0 100% Mulder, R7303-318-9100% Mkwanazi, S7288-373-1100%EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This appellation delves into the changing socio-dynamic embellish given the growing rate of winding and IT connectivity as well as the growing number of phthisisrs on kind media plat course of instructions, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Flickr and the like. The fresh policy-making uprisings on the African unmixed acquit hinted towards the use of cordial media woodpeckers to film ab out socio-political castrate and either tellly or indirectly challenge the leadinghip status quo.M some(prenominal) have refuted the cl points of the blow of soci adapted media during the uprisings, such as Malcolm Gladwell who dismisses the relevant importance the media, academics and thought leaders have place on its exponent to influence leader behaviour or bring about any meaningful change (www. cuttingyorker. com, 2010). However, the contrary views outweigh Gladwells views and, in our opinion, b ar consideration. jibe to Fleishman (2003) leaders is an attempt at influencing the activities of come throughing to allowingly cooperate with the communication process toward the attainment of about goals. The traditional view of leading is its ability to influence follower behaviour. Thus, this designation aims to explore the division of neo- companionable kinetics (social media) to influence leader behaviour, i. e. follower upwardly circumspection of leaders. The d ate begins with a compositors issue sight to determine social medias intrusion in Africa, contextualized merely not limited to the Egyptian uprisings. It then proceeds to propose an alternative drumhead-map developed in assignment 1 and concludes with the development of an HR apprize mesmerism to generalize a leaders instance for use by organizations. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. The theatrical role resume 4 1. 1 The Purpose of the Study 4 1. 2 Background of the Study 5 1. 3 Significance of the Study 5 1. 4 interrogative Methodology 6 1. 4. 1 Theoretical fashion model 6 1. 4. 2 Data Collection 7 1. 4. 3 look into Hypothesis 7 1. 4. 4 Key Research Questions 7 1. 5 Conclusion 10 1. 6 References 11 2. Integration of the Case vernals report Findings 12 2. 1 Introduction 12 2. 2 Assignment 1 Overview of the leaders Model 12 2. 3 lead Mind occasion Recommendation 14 2. 4 Conclusion 18 3. The HR jimmy proposal 19 3. 1 Definition 19 3. HR pry Proposition Obj ectives 20 3. 3 A Systemic HR cordial Model 20 3. 4 Organisation Challenges Proposed 21 3. 5 crinkle Implications 22 3. 6 The HR Value Proposition- Application 22 3. 7 Conclusion 25 3. 8 References ( section 2 and 3) 26 I. THE display case STUDY 1. 1Purpose of the Study friendly media is a popular term to break a variety of media tools that is suggested to have played an big role in recent political regenerations. In the recent events in north Africa, the role of social media has been best characterized as an en fittedr, facilitating rallies and galvanizing players.Despite limited access to the lucre and limited freedom of expression and information, social media penetration is on the change magnitude in Africa. tender ne 2rks ar spoken of in villages, schools, and fast-growing cities where the sum total classes are directly demanding access to quick information (Marieme Jamme, 2011). In the mid-1990s, as the use of mobile retrieves spread in some(prenominal ) of the developed world, fewer thought of Africa as a potential market. Now, with more(prenominal) than 400 one million million million subscribers, its market is larger than North Americas and is growing faster than in any other constituent.The most common social media tools are Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and relatively rude(a) social media sites like Diggs and Foursquare. The communication is in the form of status updates and ad hoc statements. While discussion may be limited, the dissemination of information has been seen as the most influential component of the upheavals in the Middle East and northern Africa (MENA) region (uicifd. intercommunicatespot. com, 2011). The case study intends to explain the impact of neo-social kinetics on leading deep down the context of the recent political uprisings. In doing so we propose iii hypotheses i.Social media creates the leaderless vicissitude in the digital age. ii. Social Media creates Citizen journalism freedom of spee ch for the oppressed. iii. Social Media accelerates the rate of revolutions. 1. 2 Background of the Study The rate of technological and on attract communication advances suggest that organizations and governments can no agelong suppress the spread of an idea, message, or of news occurring globally. The implication is that if one is able to connect to the Internet and express a view about a situation, then the information give be broadcasted.The recent events in North Africa may signal a way forward for the rest of the continent as technology becomes more easily accessible to more Africans. Calls for socio-political alteration heard on the streets of Tunisia and Cairo were echoed globally, rousing sympathetic resist internationally. The revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt are extensively seen as being razzd, organized, supported and driven through and through the use of social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter and mobile phone technology which allowed for extensive political ex pression and rallying a incrementst government rot online and off the ground. . 3Significance of the Study Traditionally, the greatest power that governments have held over their multitude has been that of information/freedom of speech. The promise that Internet connectivity brings to Africa is that muckle are straightway using the abundance of information for oversight of government and more interaction with administrations (J. Gossier, 2008). New communication technologies, especially social media via the Internet, have become important resources for the mobilization of collective action and the subsequent creation, organization and implementation of social movements around the world.Therefore, the impact of social media on current lead dynamics requires exploration as the recent public demonstrations of rebellion have been underpinned by suggestions that social media has changed the status quo on how Africans engage and constituent their views and are no longer being sile nced by oppressive leadership with these (social media) tools in roll. 1. 4RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The qualitative case study method is an powerful tool for developing an go outing about a particular case, its features, and its impact.According to S spud (1994), case study is defined by individual cases, not by the methods of inquiry used. As such, the goal of case study explore is to under assume the complexness of a case in the most complete way possible. The foulness of data gathered through this method complements the articles surmise-based put upwork and is required to answer the research questions. This case study result be an exploratory case study which is an attempt to learn what happened inside cases by looking beyond descriptive features and studying the surrounding context. (www. capam. com)We reason the Egyptian revolution in this study as the activities and conditions that led to and defined the anti-government protests that occurred between 25 January and 11 February 2011, in the end leading to the resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Case researchers examine both common and comical features of a case, with an emphasis on its defining features (Stake, 2005). 2. 4. 1 Theoretical Framework Researchers may study a single case or multiple cases. In multiple case studies, researchersstudy casesin depth individually as well as look across cases for similarities and differences. (RWJF, 2008)Selected Cases a. Social Media in the Arab conception (Ghannam, J. , 2011) b. Reasons Social Media contributed to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution (Chebib, N. & Sohail, R. 2011) 2. 4. 2 Data Collection The higher up literature was selected because of its relevance to social media, leadership, information technology and the considerations made regarding the plausible causes of changes in the socio-political landscape. Other secondary sources originating from published online news reports were also analysed. such secondary data were appropriate for this study because of both the nature of our depth psychology and the wealth of information available.The qualitative researcher a great deal essential use her or his judgment, based on a set of criteria, to decide how much and how long a case should be studied to aid in understanding (Creswell, 1998 Stake, 2005). 2. 4. 3 Research Hypothesis This case study explores the impact of neo-socio (social media) dynamics on leadership in Africa in order to understand contemporary social movements. In pursuit of this goal, the analysis specifically seeks to establish support for the following hypotheses, which will be verified through the case study I. Social media creates the leaderless revolution in the digital age.II. Social media creates Citizen journalism freedom of speech for the oppressed. III. Social media accelerates the rate of revolutions. 2. 4. 4 Key Research Questions Three questions have been identified to guide the approach in figure out the hypotheses i. Who led the protests in Egypt? ii. How was information regarding the revolt obtained and circu riped? iii. What was the rate of protestor-mobilization and the festinate of the solvent? i. Who led the protests in Egypt? To succeed, one of the essential characteristics of the revolution was that there were no leaders.Had there been leaders, it would have been far easier for the animate powers to target them for secure or worse and thus decapitate the revolution. The absence of leaders made such a reply impossible. rather of a revolutionary leadership a Che, or a Lenin, or even a Walesa (who was imprisoned umpteen times) there was no one. The only way to have contained the revolts was bloody crackdown on everyone on the streets a path that Syrias Bachir al Asad seems to be following, perhaps imitating the ugly example of his father, who had the town of Hama flattened subsequently a rebellion there, cleanup spot perhaps 20,000. carneross. com) ii. How was information pertaining to the revolt obtained and shared both locally and internationally? The concept of citizen journalism (also k todayn as public, participatory, egalitarian,guerrillaor street journalism) is based upon public citizens playing an quick role in the process of collecting, account, analysing, and disseminating news and information (www. wikipedia. com). New Media technologies such as social networking and media-sharing websites in get outition to the increasing prevalence of mobile phones have made citizen journalism more accessible to people worldwide.Due to the approachability of technology, citizens can often report breaking news more right away than traditional media reporters. Notable examples of citizen journalism reporting from major world events are the Arab Spring. Hundreds of Arab activists, writers, and journalists have faced repercussions because of their online activities. (Gannum, 2011) In Egypt, blogger Abdel Kareem Nabil Soliman, known as Kareem Amer, was released in Nove mber 2010 later on more than four years in prison and alleged rack for his writings that authorities said insulted Islam and defamed Mubarak. Soliman returned to writing his blog inadequately after his release.In Syria, 19-year- sr. Tal al-Mallouhi was said to be the youngest Internet prisoner of conscience in the region and in December 2010 marked her first year in prison, in general incommunicado, for blogging through poetry about her yearning for freedom of expression. (Gannum, 2011) In Bahrain, a social networking running game has called for the release of blogger Ali Abdulemam who was imprisoned for allegedly posting bogus news on his popular site BahrainOnline. org. These are unsulliedly triad of the scores of Arab Internet users across the region that have faced arrest and incarceration and other repercussions stemming from their online writings.Government challenges and other impediments, notably low broadband fast Internet penetration rates as a percentage of popul ation, stand in the way of wider and faster Internet access. According to the Arab Advisors Group, the top troika countries in broadband adoption in the region as a percentage of population are the United Arab Emirates at 14 percent, followed by Bahrain at 12 percent, and Qatar at eight percent as of late 2009. (Gannum, 2011) In 2009, the Arab region had 35,000 participating blogs and 40,000 by late 2010.Although Egypts interior ministry maintains a department of 45 people to monitor Facebook, nearly 5 million Egyptians use the social networking site among 17 million people in the region, including journalists, political leaders, political opposition figures, human rights activists, social activists, entertainers, and royal family who are engaging online in Arabic, English and French. (Gannum, 2011) 111. Rate of protestor mobilization and the speed of the outcome The Egyptian Revolution began on 25 January 2011 and ended on 11February 2011 lasting a total of 18 days, overthrowin g the 30 year old rule of Mubarak.The Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia, which ousted president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, lasted 28 days. The Egyptian revolution succeeded in overthrowing the present regime in the shortest time period. (Chebbib and Sohail, 2011) As shown in figure 1 below, the Egyptian revolution is the second shortest revolution in terms of both the number of days it lasted and deaths. FIGURE 1 Days of Revolutions and Deaths that occurred during those Revolutions 1. 3 Conclusion Hypothesis 1 Creates a Leaderless ascension The analysis higher up clearly indicates the lack of emergence of significant leaders in any of the revolutions.Revolutions ignited by passionate people having sufficient common ground and cause can mobilize a revolution which can be steered and sustained(without a leader) towards the achievement of the common goal. Hypothesis 2 Creates Citizen Journalism freedom of speech for the oppressed There is a symbiotic relationship between social media and citizen journalism on the one hand and traditional media on the other hand, in that they play off each other. Traditional media remains an essential vehicle for reaching a home(prenominal) and international audience. n that while social media played a tremendous role, especially in empowering freedom of speech, the impact of citizen journalism was limited and busy in the cause was catapulted only through traditional media coverage. Hypothesis 3 Results in Rapid Mobilization and Swift Results Revolutions can be short and bloody, or slow and peaceful. Each is different. The Egyptian revolution was one of the quick and swiftest revolutions in history. The facts and figures have indicated that it was also a revolution with one of the low death tolls.The deaths and number of days for revolutions historically were far in scanty of the Egyptian revolution were deaths ranged in the 3000s, the death toll in Egypt was record at 300. III. REFERENCES 1. Ghannam, J (2011) Social Media in t he Arab World 2. Chebib, N. and Sohail, R. (2011) The Reasons Social Media contributed to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution 3. Cogburn, D. and Espinoza-Vasquez F. (2011) From Networked Nominee to Networked Nation. 4. Abroms, L. and Lefebvre, R. (2009) Obamas Wired Campaign Lessons for public health communication 5. http//www. carneross. com/blog/2011/04/23/necessity-leaderless-revolutions) 6.Yin, Robert K. , Applications of Case Study Research, Sage, universal gravitational constant Oaks, CA, 2003a, second 7. edition. 8. Yin, Robert K. , Case Study Research Design and Methods, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2003b,3rd edition. 9. Yin, Robert K. , The Abridged magnetic declination of Case Study Research, in Leonard Bickman and Debra J. 10. Rog (eds. ), Handbook of Applied Social Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1998, pp. 229-259. 11. Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds. ), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443466). Thousand Oaks, CA SAGE. 12. Glesne, C. (2006) Becoming Qualitative Researchers (3rd ed. . Boston Allyn and Bacon. 13. Gladwell M. 2010 http//www. newyorker. com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell(date accessed 08/07/2012) 14. Bohler-Muller N. and van der Merwe, C. 2011 The potential of social media to influence socio-political change on the African Continent. Africa Institute of South Africa 15. Toni Ahlqvist, Asta Back, Sirkka Heinonen, Minna Halonen, (2010),Road-mapping the societal transformation potential of social media, foresight, Vol. 12 Iss 5 pp. 3 16. Andre-Michel Essoungou, 2010 A social media boom begins in Africa, www. un. org/en/africarenewal/vol24no4/socialmediabom. tml (date accessed 17 July 2012) 17. Gossier, J. 2008 Social Media in Africa, Part 3 land 18. carneross. com/blog/2011/04/23/necessity-leaderless-revolution section 2 2. integration of case study findings Recommendations for Leaders Assessed in Assignment 1 2. 1 Introduction emerging from an exploration of the likely impacts of social medial in the context of the political uprisings explored in question 1 above is the indirect threat neo-socio dynamics pose to compulsive governance, as was the case with Hosni Mubarak resigning from presidential office, a mere 18 days after the start of the Egyptian protests (bbc. o. uk 2011). This is in perfect(a) contrast to the rise of US President Barrack Obama, whose 2008 election campaign has been heralded as a win for social media, after a landslide victory which sought to convert everyday people into enmeshed and appoint volunteers, donors and advocates through social media (Edelman, 2009). Comparing these two leaders on the basis of their style of governance suggests polar opposite styles from democratic to autocratic leadership. Autocratic leaders are those who make unilateral decisions and issue instructions.It is often criticized because it negates relationships between following that allow decisions to be made by leaders and followers (Eh ow. com), whereas democracy advocates inclusive and engaging governance. Following on from the school principal map developed in assignment 1, we recommend an alternative leadership approach for the subscriber line leaders surveyed. 2. 2Assignment 1 Overview of the leaders Model In the first leadership assignment, three leaders were surveyed and a leadership legal opinion map was developed. The mind map sought to establish which leadership theory these three leaders subscribed to.As per table 1 (below), all three leaders subscribe to the power and influence theory of leadership, path-goal theory, leader-member exchange theory (LMX), good leadership, transformational leadership, servant leadership, spiritual leadership and current leadership. A heavy leadership trait amongst these surveyed leaders was found to be building and maintaining deposit. THEORY MS. MABUNDA MS. GOVIND MR. SIBEKO 1. Power & Influence Legitimate (Positional)Expert (Personal) compensate (Positional)Refe rent + Expert (Personal) Reward (Positional)Expert (Personal) 2.Path-goal Supportive Directive Directive 3. LMX High LMX High LMX High LMX 4. switchingal Yes Yes Yes 5. honorable Yes Yes Yes 6. Servant Yes No No 7. Spiritual Yes Yes Yes 8. true Yes Yes No control board 1 Leader Theory Summation of Surveyed Leaders (SAND011A, 2012) Image 1, below, pop the questions a graphic of the leadership mind map that was developed in assignment one. The leaders used a combination of both positional and ad hominem power. The mind map also showcased adaptations to this power and influence model, with various modes of leadership also complementing their primary leadership model.Image 1 Assignment 1 Leadership Mind Map (SAND011A, 2012) Trust formed the core of their leadership character, without which these leaders believe that their potentness to lead would have been severely impeded. We believe this to be true as followers are more inclined to faith people when they understand their le aders treasures and observe that their actions are congruent with those cherishs because they can reliably predict how their leaders will act. As such, leaders of high character instil cuss.However, given their assurance on positional and personal power, an alternative leadership model is proposed below. 2. 3 Leadership mind-map Recommendation The demands of neo-socio dynamics on leadership is such that leaders must develop a broad range of personal and master key competencies in order to meet the challenges they will inevitably face. Tomorrows leaders must stay abreast of the impact of the social media curve. basal and secondary stakeholders now have access through social media applications to mobilize and either do great harm to an organisation or support its efforts.This was recently illustrated by the Woolworths vs. Frankies dispute. According to Frankies, Woolworths, had sabotaged its attempts to sell its product and claim ownership, by selling an imitation of its drink. Supporters of Frankies mobilized and penalized on social media spaces such as Facebook and Twitter. The response by Woolworths was plagued by its inability to understand the social media playing field. Instead of engaging followers, Woolworths executives chose to release press statements that appeared to only exacerbate the situation.The advertisement Standards Authority ruled in favour of Frankies, and Woolworths was ordered to remove its copy-cat magnetic variation of the soft drink. (Moneyweb, 2012) In a recent Sunday measure bind (Aug, 2012) Woolworths CEO, Ian Moir notes that the company was surprised at how quickly outrage was spread in the Frankies soft drink saga. In response to his own leadership displayed during the communication crisis, he stated that it (the social media outrage) was a problem within an hour which made it difficult to manage(C. Barron, 2012).It is safe to conclude that had Woolworths leadership endorsed a different response, strengthened its stakeho lder engagement and understood the immediate impact of social networking, they would have adopted an alternative approach to engaging their stakeholders. i. Authentic-Transformational Leadership The case study (in section 1) and the preceding Woolworths example highlights the unavoidableness for founder leadership. According to Charlene li (2011) By embracing social media, leaders can transform their organizations to become more effective, decisive, and ultimately more paid in this new era of openness in the marketplace. Whilst no model and no list of leadership behaviours or competencies can fully puzzle all the critical components of stakeholder management our group has selected the prescriptive, authentic-transformational leadership model, for leaders to conform themselves to. Transformational leadership describes a leader who motivates followers to cognitive process beyond expectations, but has often been attacked for its potential to be abused. Bass and Steidlmeier (1999) stage out that the morals of transformational leadership have been challenged.For example, transformational leaders (1) can use impression management behaviours that pave the way to immoral behaviour (Snyder,1987) and (2) manipulate followers into losing more than they gain (White & Wooten, 1986). To mitigate these shortcomings, an additional form of leadership has been proposed to complement transformational leadership i. e. authentic leadership (Nichols, Thomas W. , 2008). Authentic leadership is an over-arching concept that aims to imply transformational leadership and all positive forms of leadership (Avolio and Gardner 2005). At the heart of authentic leadership is the concept of honorableity.The concept of legitimacy may contribute to the transformational leadership paradigm, producing an ideal form of leadership. Whilst many pseudo-transformational leaders are able to consider control over their followers, their lack of character and ethical behaviour ultimately bring harm to their followers. By acting on a core set of benevolent note values, authentic transformational leaders, bring out the best in their followers and spur them on to do great things for society. ii. Behaviour of Authentic-Transformational Leaders Ethics are a basic component of authentic transformational leadership.Image 2 (below), demonstrates that these kinds of leaders engage in * Idealized influence fate as examples of excellence and character creating a climate of high standards for task feat and ethical choices. * Inspirational motivation Developing and communicating an ambitious, exciting and chastely good vision for the group to achieve involving followers, empowering them and encouraging their development. * Intellectual stimulant Fostering open discussion of the vision, its implementation and encouraging new ideas from their followers without criticizing them publicly for their mistakes. Individualized consideration Demonstrating genuine concern for followers deve lopment provide coaching and mentoring and rewarding followers for creativity and innovation. Image 2 Transformational Leadership Model (Management Study Guide, 2009) iii. Advantages of Authentic Transformational Leaders The advantages become apparent when demonstrating ethical behaviour and personal character while performing the four types of leadership behaviours in Image 1. Many researchers have proposed outcomes relating to authentic, transformational, ethical, and charismatic behaviours.These include trust (Robinson, 1996), organizational commitment (Conger, 1999), satisfaction (George & Jones, 1997), performance (Howell & Avolio, 1993) and organizational citizenship behaviour (Gardner & Schermerhorn, 2004). Additionally, the above authors suggest that * These leaders develop higher levels of self-awareness. * They lead followers through personal development and organizational change. * They are able to persuade them to stride out of their comfort zones, take a leap of faith and follow their leaders into the unknown.These also support a recent HBR discussion amongst Harvards leadership academia, who advocate the need for an increased level of self-awareness amongst business leaders, effective diversity management and forging greater partnerships with ALL stakeholders, both consumers and suppliers like in the age of a more connected and socially (pro) active business environment. 2. 4Conclusion Authentic-transformational leaders are those leaders who are able to intellectually stimulate, inspirationally motivate and ideally influence their followers in an ethical manner.They are transparent in their dealings and ethical in their actions and it is their authenticity that removes the potential for them to abuse this leadership style. (Bass and Steidlmeier(1999). section 3 THE HR determine PROPOSITION-recommendations to mitigate the implications of the case study findings through the use of hr value propositions 3. HR Value Proposition 3. 1 Definition H uman Resource, HR, professionals add value when their work aids an organization to achieve its goals. It is not the design of a program or declaration of policy that matters the most, but what recipients gain from these actions (Success360degree. com).In a world of increasingly scarce resources, activities that fail to add value are not worth pursuing. The HR value proposition means that HR practices, departments and professionals produce positive outcomes for key stakeholders employees, line managers, nodes, and investors. (Amerin, 2005) According to David Ulrich (2005) HR necessarily to be able to show how their activities create value for key stakeholders. He asserts that HR must have a direct line of sight to the market place such as the customers who defile products and services and to the shareholders who provide capital and that HR must be enclose as a source of competitive advantage.He states that ultimately HR professionals need to be able to spell out how they provide a unique and powerful perspective of the linkages between employee commitment, customer attitudes and investor returns. (Harvard Business School working(a) Knowledge, 2005) The role of a leader in an organisation is to lead change, lead transformation, lead teams and lead engagement. This process is often a learning on the part of the leader. For this reason, leadership branding is often part of the HR value proposition due to the fact that HR is the custodian of learning and development within an organisation. . 2HR Value Proposition Objectives * HR need to be able to show how their activities create value for key stakeholders (i. e. the business, customers, employees, investors) * HR must have a direct line of sight to the market place such as the customers who buy products and services and to the shareholders who provide capital (a suggestion of a strong market orientation). * HR professionals must align practices with the requirements of internal and foreign stakeholders (op erating in a silo is no longer suitable). HR professionals must find the personal knowledge and skills necessary to link HR activity to stakeholder value. * HR professionals need to be able to spell out how they provide a unique and powerful perspective of the linkages between employee commitment, customer attitudes and investor returns. 3. 3 A Systemic HR Mental Model HR needs to frame a new mental model that will make others take notice of and acknowledge the profound and sustainable benefits HR brings to organisations in the new economy.Such a mental model must form the strategic theoretical account that provides HR professionals with the evidence that HR is truly adding value to key stakeholders. one time developed, a systemic HR mental model will provide the strategic framework that enables HR professionals to make significant and tangible contributions to business performance. For instance, HR professionals will be able to use these models to economically reassert their in itiatives, advise where the business is at risk, highlight opportunities to continually remedy performance and most importantly, show how they add to stakeholder value.This conclave will provide a platform where eminent HR professionals will discuss the issues that organizations need to handle in order to transform the role of HR and aid organizations to gain and sustain competitive advantage. (www. ksom. ac. in) The HR Value Proposition, which was developed by Dave Ulrich in 2005,expressesfivekey elements for the value creation activities of HR, namely 1. Knowing impertinent business realities 2. Serving Internal and External Stakeholders 3. Creating HR Best Practices . Building HR Resources 5. Ensuring HR Professionalism Figure 1 HR Value Proposition Template (D. Ulrich 2005) 3. 4ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES PROPOSED The HR Value proposition mind map (Table 1) speaks to challenges organisations may be facing. Social media connectivity and activism can impact business relations both internally (employee relations) and outwardly (customer relations). We therefore propose two examples of this for a generic Company X 1. Employees who are dissatisfied with utocratic, heavy-handed leadership within an organisation and 2. customer online queries or complaints are being sluggishly attended to, expirationing in sorry customer service levels. 3. 5Business Implications 1. Employees could take to social media and discuss amongst themselves their dissatisfaction with their leaders resulting in lower levels of staff morale, productivity and insubordination (borne out of frustration and on-going discussions in and amongst disgruntled employees).The recent Marikana Mining tragedy, although still under investigation, could potentially point toward employee mobilization (which may have been aided by social media interaction such as Blackberry messenger BBM, or possibly Facebook engagement) and possibly suggest how three thousand employees mobilized to the exclusion of their own union leaders, who liveliness not to have known about the impending strike action. . Customers who horse sense that company X is not engaging speedily and effectively to their queries or complaints may view the companys indifference as a sign of it not being customer oriented and they may retaliate on social media platforms. The online conversation could inform new customers and other existing customers of the companys level of degree of engagement as such impacting business performance. . 6 The Value Proposition- Application The HR Value Proposition will address the issues in the two examples cited above that will result in improvement or a turnaround strategy. The systemic mind map model will seek to address the first two of the elements of Ulrichs HR value proposition namely, 1. Knowing external business realities and 2. Serving Internal and External Stakeholders.The reason for choosing the above two elements is because neo-socio dynamics (social media) suggests (1) a new and evolving external business reality in the form of online and mobile phone technology, its connectivity, user activity, and continued global growth in online social engagement and (2) serving internal and external stakeholders, who are now seemingly more connected and willing to voice their dissatisfaction, implies that HR needs to re-orientate its value proposition in light of how and where internal and xternal stakeholders are now having their conversations, which is online, in real time, sporadic, and transparent. As such the Value Proposition should aim to * Create market value for investors by increasing intangibles. * Increases customer share by connecting with target customers. * Help line managers deliver strategy by building organisation capabilities. * Clarify and establish an employee value proposition and enkindle individual abilities. * Improve the line managers ability to understand external business realities.HR Value Proposition Element HR Transformation Criteria HR Intervention HR Value Proposition Knowing the external businessRealities Article I. AND Article II. Serving externaland internal stakeholders Create market value for investors by increasing intangibles. Increases customer share by connecting with target customers. Helps line managers deliver strategy by building organisation capabilities. Clarifies and establishes an employee value proposition and enhances individual abilities.Improve the line managers ability to understand external business realties * The experience, level, function, prior management education, current challenges faced and demographic holdground of the potential participants needs to be considered when setting the objectives so that the programme is made relevant to the participant as well as the organisation. Leadership development needs may be carried out at this time which are linked to the strategic objectives and competencies needed for organisational success. * Based on the results of assessments they w ill be nominated to go on courses to close the competency gap. A suitable audience will be selected * An evaluation system and corresponding actions to reward success and improve on deficiencies preferably the Kirkpatrick Model in which to gauge self-development of leaders their ability to contribute to the teams they lead and which help them contribute to the business and strategic change. The field goal of offerings from a development perspective and leadership programme will be 1. Emotional Intelligence 2. Resilience 3. Customer Orientation 4. Problem solution 5. Analytical Skills 6. Communication 7. Networking 8. Coaching 9.MentoringAnalytical skills. 10. Communication 11. Networking 1. go focus on customer satisfaction and meeting the needs of the customer. 2. Improved staff keeping 3. Lowered staff turnover 4. Increased productivity 5. Display of effective leadership and managerial skills 6. Effective problem solving and decision-making. 7. Analyse and conflate informatio n and facts and demonstrate performance and change in behaviour 8. call for decisive and proactive decisions 9. Clear and detailed written communication skills. 10. Clear focus on networking with all key stakeholders. Table 1 HR Value Proposition Mind Map Generic Organization X 3. 7 Conclusion The business world shapes leaders, pushing them to adapt and change in the face of social technologys revolutionizing impact. Social media has connected, networked and empowered employees, customers, partners and investors and all stakeholders of the company globally. The change has been so rapid that leaders are increasingly caught unprepared(Barry Libert and Sally Ourieff 2012). To succeed, and even just to survive, leaders must modernize as todays technologies are changing.Social, mobile and cloud technologies commit savvy businesses to become open, transparent, and inclusive organizations with stakeholders. Leaders must create new frameworks to integrate their understanding of social a nd mobile technologies into their leadership skills and management teams must recruit candidates equipped with these new capabilities. Be Open, Be Transparent, Be Authentic are the current leadership mantras, until now companies often push back according to Charlene Li (2011). Traditionally business is premised on the concept of control, yet the new world order (neo-socio dynamics) demands openness. ______________________________________________________ 3. 8 REFERENCES SECTION 2 AND 3 1. Aughton P. 2005, Mapping the HR Value Proposition 2. Augie Ray whitethorn 11, 2010 (http//blogs. forrester. com/augie_ray/10-05-11-seven_things_your_organization_must_do_because_social_media) 3. Barron, C. 2012 A social media shock for Woollies, Sunday Times Business Times Aug 19th 2012 pg6. 4. 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