Emerging Trends in 19th Century Children’s Literature Exploring Didactic, Entertaining and Adventurous Plot Lines - Literature Essay Samples

As the eighteenth century came to a close, there was a rise of children literature because the way society viewed children changed from children being seen as small adults to them being creative individuals that are easily influenced by everything around them. As a result, children’s books became a way to teach children how to act correctly in society. (Grenby.2014) Although some stories are overtly didactic, both The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas and Little Women by Louisa May Alcott exemplify children’s novels that have a didactic plot line woven in with the emerging trends of adventure and entertainment. Alexandre Dumas, the author of The Three Musketeers, is famous for writing strong morality into many of his works. He preached strong ethics throughout The Three Musketeers, shown through the main characters: DArtagnan, Athos, Aramis and Porthos, each one exemplifying correct morals. D’Artagnan is portrayed as the poor nobleman who goes off to become a musketeer to help his family. Throughout the novel, he’s distinguished by his ambition. Kitty, his love interest, describes his personality as having â€Å"the principal features of ambition and pride†. (Dumas.514) Athos is seen as the wisest in the group. He is shown as the epitome of bravery and intelligence. After a duel, that Athos got seriously injured in, the musketeers were sent for by the King. They urge Athos to stay and rest, but he arrives to the King saying, â€Å"you have sent for me, as my comrades inform me, and I have hastened to receive your orders. I am here; what do you want with me?† (Dum as.48) Early in the novel, Athos is already showing his bravery and loyalty as a musketeer. Aramis is seen as the quiet, but intelligent friend who is fiercely loyal; DArtagnan describes him as â€Å"mildness and grace personified†. (Dumas.64) Unlike Aramis, Porthos is loud and likes to boast about himself, but he also exemplifies intelligence and thoughtfulness. In a time of excitement, when Porthos thinks he’s going to eat a good family meal, he describes himself with great sadness as, â€Å"a wanderer on the earth, a man without fortune, a man without family†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (Dumas. 493) The main characters in The Three Musketeers can be used as examples for how children should embody moral characteristics. (Kane.Three Musketeers.2018) Alexandre Dumas had many anxieties pertaining to childhood and how it should be viewed. Dumas, himself, didn’t have a normal childhood because his father died when he was six causing his family to live in poverty. (Kane.Three Musketeers.2018) The adventurous aspect of The Three Musketeers keeps the novel playful and interesting for young readers. As a result of these high energy episodes, the reader keeps turning the page, waiting for the main characters to meet another villain and get into another duel without noticing that there are pertinent messages placed within these scenes. In chapter 31, for example, after the musketeers’ duel the Englishman, they find a bag of money in the dead man’s coat. DArtagnan takes it and they decide, instead of one of them keeping the money, to give it to a coachmen â€Å"for you and your comrades†. (Dumas.486) It is these moments of conversation between the musketeers that teach children correct ethics. Because these mome nts are hidden in between scenes of high action, a sense of childhood innocence and fun remains in the novel. Little Women by Louisa May Alcott is also often used as an example of early didactic writing in children’s literature. The sisters: Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, all exemplify good moral character along with demonstrating the importance of domestic duties and how they can foster growth. Meg is the example of a perfect nineteenth century woman, she’s hard-working, respectful and polite. Meg shows how to take pride in her work and get joy from doing it. It is after John and Meg get married, buy a house and have some turmoil in their marriage that â€Å"Meg learned, that a womans happiest kingdom is home, her highest honor the art of ruling it not as a queen, but as a wise wife and mother†.(Alcott.556) Jo is quite the opposite of Meg; she is introduced to the reader by being reprimanded by Meg who says, â€Å"It didnt matter so much when you were a little girl; but now you are so tall, and turn up your hair, you should remember that you are a young lady†.(Alcott.6) Despite her negative characteristics, Jo is also sincere and intelligent. She demonstrates how to have a domestic life without compromising her personality. Beth is described as â€Å"shy and quiet, sitting in corners till needed, and living for others so cheerfully that no one sees the sacrifices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (Alcott.56) Sadly she dies at a young age, so the reader can never see her develop into a mature woman, but she does help Jo see the importance of caring for others and makes Jo more mature. Amy is ambitious and graceful and is arguably the best example for learning the importance of domestic duties. Despite her long term dream of becoming a genius painter and marrying rich, she settles down with Lourie, a childhood friend and sacrifices her dreams because â€Å"Amy felt that no one could comfort and sustain her so well as Laurie†. (Alcott.595) Because of their personal growth, the March sisters are perfect examples for children to see how to become the best versions of themselves without having to change their character. (Kane.Little Women.2018) Louisa May Alcott also had an unconventional childhood. Her father didn’t make much money and was often away for work, so she became the one who had to earn money for her family by writing. This caused her to grow up quickly and miss key aspects of a normal childhood. (Kane.Little Women.2018) She too, uses scene of high energy, such as when the sister’s fight or play together, to keep the reader entertained while teaching lessons about character. In chapter 11, the girls decide to take a summer vacation and their mother lets them all stop their chores for a week, but she warns, â€Å"I think by Saturday night you will find that all play and no work is as bad as all work and no play†. (Alcott.154) Of course, Marmie ends up being right and the girls want to go back to doing their chores by the time the week is over. Scenes that are amusing, but have a hidden message keep children open to the message the author is showing. This formatting of rotating scenes of high energy with those with lessons, kept the story entertaining for children, so that they would have fun while learning. Both The Three Musketeers and Little Women are relevant nineteenth century literary texts when explaining how societal changes affects children’s literature. Because the view of children and childhood changed, children’s literature grew as a genre to encompass many different aspects of societal standards. Parents still wanted children’s books to be educational, but because childhood was being fetishized in society, aspects of adventure and entertainment became of equal importance. (Metz.Romanticism)

Death Is The Study Of Dying, Death, And Bereavement

Thanatology James Logan Machin Denver School of Nursing ABSTRACT According to (Liming Dickenson 2011., p.3) â€Å"thanatology is the study of dying, death, and bereavement.† I believe that the study of death will be a topic to be discussed and forever researched. There are many different aspects of death that I believe people can study, rather it be cultural believes, medically researching different processes of death, or even just what your own personal discovery of what death exactly is or what happens after death. No one can interview the dead. No one can find out if death is peaceful, or if there is life after death, or what death feels like. So for this topic of defining thanatology I wanted to look at the studies of peoples near death experiences, interviews from people who are experiencing death, the different cultures behind viewing death, and lastly the communication skills needed for health care professionals to develop in order to discuss death and dying amongst the patient and their family THANATOLOGY Thanatology, as stated earlier, is the study of death, dying, and bereavement. In 1903, Russian scientist, Elie Metchnikoff, who was famous for his work in microbiology and the discovery of phagocytosis, advocated that without consistent attention to death, life sciences would not be complete. Through this argument, Metchnikoff called for the establishment of a science devoted to the study of death. He argued that those who were dying had few or noShow MoreRelatedThe Literature On Anticipated Vs. 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In addition, there were also some common grief reactions to the bereaved person too. They lost their appetite, sleeping disturbance, being exhaustedRead MoreQuantitative Research Article Critique Essay example1645 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is an academic critique of an article written by Lautrette, et al. (2007) titled: â€Å"A Communication Strategy and Brochure for Relatives of Patients Dying in the ICU† and accurately reflected the content of the article and the research study itself. The abstract explained the article in more detail, while remaining concise. The type of research study, sample size, variables, intervention, measurement me thod, findings, and conclusion were all mentioned in the abstract. Statement of the Problem Read MoreOn Death And Dying By Elisabeth Kubler Ross1445 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom workplace, breaches of confidentiality, a sudden unexpected death or hospitalisation. 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Many believe thatRead MoreLoss : The Many Faces Of Grief1406 Words   |  6 Pageslife transition of death and dying is inevitably one with which we will all be faced; we will all experience the death of people we hold close throughout our lifetime. This paper will explore the different processes of grief including the bereavement, mourning, and sorrow individuals go through after losing someone to death. Bereavement is a period of adaptation following a life changing loss. This period encompasses mourning, which includes behaviors and rituals following a death, and the wide rangeRead MoreCare, The Dying, And Their Families1537 Words   |  7 Pages Care, the dying, and their families The most important principle that can help to guide people who care for the dying and bereaved is care. Care for the dying and care for the families, this is not to undermine the empathy, support, and understanding that is needed. â€Å"All social workers, regardless of practice settings, will inevitably work with clients facing acute or long-term situations involving life-limiting illness, dying, death, grief, and bereavement. Using their expertiseRead MoreEssay about Anticipatory Grief1457 Words   |  6 Pagesof warm, satisfying relationships also leaves us vulnerable to sadness, despair, and grief when such relationships are disrupted (Carr, 1969). Regardless of the actual relationship that might have existed prior to the death, we have the tendency to idealize the relationship once death has occurred and we expect expressions of normal grief. Unfortunately, normal grief is what society expects, but the needs of the individual prerequisites putting a label on grief. B ecause society influences our behaviorRead MorePrinciples Governing Care, The Dying And Their Families1536 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciples governing care, the dying and their families The most important principle that can help to guide people who care for the dying and bereaved is care. Care for the dying and care for the families, this is not to undermine the empathy, support and understanding that is needed. â€Å"All social workers, regardless of practice settings, will inevitably work with clients facing acute or long-term situations involving life-limiting illness, dying, death, grief, and bereavement. Using their expertiseRead MoreThe Death Of A Child1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe death of a child is experienced with great resistance because it is understood as an interruption in the life cycle—often seen as untimely and unfair. Pediatric nurses care for children in high-mortality environments, such as the pediatric intensive care and oncology units and, as a result, are directly affected by childhood death (Papadatou, 2000). Caring for a dying child and their family is an emotionally charged situation (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2000; Catlin and Carter, 2001; Stutts

William Blake And Transcendentalism Analysis - 884 Words

We can see transcendentalism with William Blake and his poetry. William Blake, who is a pre-romantic poet, handles his themes sincerely with a mind that is not distracted by the existing opinions such as rationalism, suppression and reason of opinions in his society. Although, he favors the morals of love, freedom, brotherhood and equality. Therefore, I believe he is considered one of the best romantic poets of all time. The majority of Blake’s poems show the romantic side of things such as simplicity, nature, transcendentalism, imagination, childhood and freedom. For instance, in his poem the Lamb, simplicity, nature, and transcendentalism are strong romantic descriptions that we, as readers, can see them easily. Finally, the†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the black boy can talk with the white boy which he cant do in reality. Also, in the I guess new life, there will not be any barriers separating them as he said, â€Å"I will stand and stroke his hair, and be lik e him, and he will them love me† (Blake). This creative scene backs the idea of giving him a voice to say what he feels, and allowing him to feel equal with the white boy. Moreover, Blake focuses on the divine theme of love through two different kinds of love. The first kind of love is the love of the mother to her son, the black boy. This poem starts with the words, â€Å"my mother† showing that the only shelter in the world for a person to find safety, tenderness and peace. The mom deeply want her son to believe and have faith that they the black culture is equal with the white culture. She persuaded him of her thoughts through her love. For instance, she had put her son in her lap and kissed her son twice as the boy said, â€Å"she took me in her lap and kissed me† (Blake). Such sentiment acts let her son feel the care, peace, love and provision, and made him feel accepted and he also accepted what she was saying. The second kind of love is the love of God. I t is the marvelous and never ending love that will evaporate all the anguish of race discrimination or any other thing in the world. Therefore, all the worldly evils such as discrimination and slavery shall be like nothing isShow MoreRelatedHenry David Thoreau4404 Words   |  18 PagesThoreau, advising the young man and introducing him to a circle of local writers and thinkers, including Ellery Channing, Margaret Fuller, Bronson Alcott, and Nathaniel Hawthorne and his son Julian Hawthorne, who was a boy at the time. The best analysis of Thoreaus character was Emersons funeral elegy for him. Emerson was well aware of Thoreaus devotion to his principles and said that he had a perfect probity. Emerson also realized, perhaps better than anyone else, that Thoreau gave an edge

Ethical Virtue Is A State Of The Soul - 1242 Words

The definition of ethical virtue is one of the difficult themes that are often discussed by many philosophers. In Nicomachean Ethicsâ… ¡.6, Aristotle defines ethical virtue as ‘(a) a state that decides,(b) in a mean, (c) the mean relative to us, (d) which is defined by reference to reason, (e) i.e. to the reason by reference to which the intelligent person would define it.’ (NEâ… ¡.6) But, this definition itself is complex. Then, in this paper, I will explain what he means by this and evaluate this definition. First, Aristotle claims virtue should be a state that makes a human good and makes him function well. In Nicomachean Ethicsâ… ¡.5, he concluded that ethical virtue is a state of the soul. On the basis of this conclusion, he starts to discuss what kind of state is ethical virtue. Then, as a premise, he defines every virtue should make its possessors be in a good state and perform their functions well. The virtue of a horse, for example, makes the horse exc ellent because it is good at galloping, at running, and at carrying its rider. In the case of human being, therefore, the virtue is the state that makes a human being good and perform his or her function well. Next, he claims mean states should be ethical virtue. A mean is a middle or intermediate between excess and deficiency. He claims those extreme states are vices because they make human being perform worse. Bravery, for example, is a virtue that makes people deal with a difficult situation with confidence. If, however,Show MoreRelatedPlato And Aristotle s Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe importance of virtue in an individual’s life. Plato believed that purity of the soul was the most important thing in life and can be achieved by mastering the four virtues: justice, wisdom, courage, and moderation. Aristotle believed that the goal of human life was to achieve happiness, which is made possible by the cultivation of a just soul. B oth of these ancient theories showcase the periods focus on individual happiness. The ancients focused more on the formation of virtue within an individualRead MoreThe Ethical Egoist in Platos Republic Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages The ethical egoist is one who believes that it is morally right to act strictly in ones own self-interest. Understandably, this belief poses a threat to social cooperation and, therefore, clearly introduces a significant political problem. I believe that the best example of ethical egoism is displayed in Book I of Platos The Republic. In this Book, Plato introduces the idea of ethical egoism, explains the political problem posed by it, and addresses the problem through the words of SocratesRead More Aristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesEthics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle describes the steps required for humans to obtain happiness. Aristotle states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. He states that a happy person cannot be inactive. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. The role of virtue is an important one for Aristotle. Without virtue, it seems one cannotRead MoreImmanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, Plato, and Aristotle: Morals and Ethical Codes1169 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is the appropriate action? It is a controversial question that is a focal point for moral and ethical codes. Morals and ethics is, of course, a subject that runs deep in the discussion of philosophy. People are faced with moral dilemmas everyday, which many times society decides without thoroughly exploring their options. Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, Plato, and Aristotle are philosophers that focus on the topic of ethics, yet all have different outlooks. Kant is considered a non-consequentialityRead MoreThe Notion of the Good in the Ethical Views of Plato and Aristotle1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe Notion of the Good in the Ethical Views of Plato and Aristotle 1. Discuss the notion of the good in the ethical views of Plato and Aristotle. State which of potentiality would lead to normal life. Plato explored such subjects as beauty, justice, and good government. Platos ethics were ethics of happiness. He based his ethical theory on the proposition that all people desire happiness although, of course, people sometimes act in ways that do not produce happiness. 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Ethics/Virtue theory as it applies to business The form of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment in known as business ethics. It applies to all components of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of entire organizations as well as individuals. These ethics originate from the individuals. An organization is formed from individuals; therefore, the organization’s ethical standards can be tracedRead MoreThe Role Of Happiness . â€Å"Happiness Is The Meaning And The1326 Words   |  6 Pagesend of human existence† (Aristotle). In ethics, we study the place of morality in a social construct, where happiness is the core of ethical concern. Happiness for the individual, happiness for the majority, happiness for nature. What is the key to a happy life? Aristotle believes the key is eudaimonia, or a state of having a good soul or being in a contented state of being healthy, happy, and prosperous. Eudaimonia is often used to refer to the ri ght actions that result in the well-being of the

To Kill A Mockingbird Parenting Style Essay - 1273 Words

Journal #3 I am reading To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, and I am on page 117. This book is about Scout, Dill, and Jem who get into some trouble while messing with the Radley’s. Their neighbor, Miss Maudie’s house burns down, and in the process they learn some things about their neighbors. The town is upset about Atticus defending Tom Robinson, a Negro, and the family dynamics at Christmas dinner end with lots of yelling and chaos. In this journal, I will be evaluating and connecting. G- I am evaluating Atticus’ parenting style Y- Atticus is very attentive and and protective R- Constantly checking on them - Watches them play from the porch - Watches from the†¦show more content†¦Also, at night if Atticus wakes up, he will more than likely get up and check on Jem and Scout. An example of Atticus is very protective is that Atticus always does his best to make sure his kids are happy and safe. One way to show that is when it was very cold outside; Atticus put more coal in the fire and put blankets on Jem and Scout to warm them up. Atticus also asks multiple questions before or after Jem and Scout do something like where they were, or what they were doing to make sure they are staying out of trouble. Lastly, Atticus always keeps a very close eye on his kids, especially Scout because they are really all he has,and Atticus would like to always keep them safe. Another asset of Atticus’ parenting skill is that he disciplines Jem and Scout in a way t hat if very effective, and helpful. The reason why his parenting is effective is that he uses his words, never violence. Jem said that he has never gotten spanked, so Atticus probably does not like using violence on Jem and Scout. Also, Atticus yells at his kids if they are doing anything bad to get them to realize what they are doing wrong. Lastly, when Atticus gets mad, he is strict enough to get Jem and Scout to listen to him, but not too strict that it is mean. Atticus is also a very wise man, so whenever he has the opportunity to share something with Jem and Scout, he does, and it is usually when they get in trouble and itShow MoreRelatedTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay Although most parents in the time setting of the novel To Kill a700 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay Although most parents in the time setting of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee were very strict and punishing, Jem and Scout’s father Atticus was an exception. Atticus taught Jem and Scout through moral lessons and which was more effective than the traditional teaching method of punishment. Three examples of moral lessons Atticus teaches Jem and Scout throughout the novel are the importance patience and kindness, the importance to respect people andRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 2140 Words   |  9 PagesFamilies of Maycomb What is a family? A Family is usually defined by its complex set of relationships that help pass on values, morals, and love through the generations. To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, may be one of the most famous and raved about novels of the 20th century, the story focuses on the importance of family and the differences in their morals and values. The concept of family is essential to this story, it serves as one of the main themes present throughout the novel, giving usRead MoreTKAM Essay 1776 Words   |  8 PagesDestiny  Eshe’  Stallworth   September  26th,  2014   TKAM  Essay   Eighth  Grade  Sophia   Mrs.  Scullin      Discuss  Atticus’s  parenting  style.  What  is  his  relationship  to  his  children  like?  How  does  he   seek  to  instill  conscience  in  them?      To  Kill  a  Mockingbird​   by  Harper  Lee,  is  the  coming ­of ­age  novel  of  a  young  Southern   girl  named  Jean ­Louise  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Scout†Ã‚  Finch  during  the  controversial  yet  fictitious  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Robinson  vs.Ewell   trial.  The  story  is  set  in  the  Ã‚  early  1930s  in  Maycomb  County,  Alabama,  with  her  older  brother

Mass Media Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Mass Media Argumentative Essay From the moment she stepped foot outside, Princess Diana of Whales had camera lenses and microphones pushed in her face. She was constantly pursued and for this reason she sometimes had to hide or disguise herself in order to avoid the unyielding persistence and constant harassment of the press. Eugene Robinson, a journalist in England said, For the tabloids, day in and day out, no story is bigger than the royal family. All the tabloids employ royal-watching reporters, some of whom have become celebrities in their own right. The story of Princess Diana of Whales was the biggest story of all. (Sabjan, 1998) Princess Diana could not evenStay out of the public eye when she was behind the walls of the royal estate. The press broke the story of her failing marriage, her intercepted phone conversation with a male friend, and finally her new relationship. The Princess often complained about the coverage, saying, Any sane person would have left (Britain) long ago. (Sabjan, 1998) But with an abundant amount of freelance photographers stalking her every move upon her leaving Kensington Palace, that idea proved impossible. Pushed almost to the edge by constant press harassment, Princess Diana was ready to consider making an attempt to avoid the public altogether. During her last interview, Princess Diana told writer Richard Kay that she was Going to complete her obligations to her charities and then completely withdraw from her formal public life. (Sabjan, 1998) The public had forced itself into the life of a celebrity and caused the pressure from the media to become overwhelming. Princess Diana did stay in England, however, and used the incredible amounts ofMedia attention to her advantage. Princess Diana had numerous charities and good causes that were important to her so she used the press to promote them, all the while helping to shape her own image. Unfortunately, in the case of Princess Diana, the press and their use of aggressive tactics resulted in a tragedy. Prin cess Diana and her friend Dodi Al-Fayed had just left the Ritz Hotel in Paris, France, late Saturday night, August 30, 1997. Sending a regular chauffeur and limousine ahead as a decoy, Princess Diana and Al-Fayed left out of a different hotel entrance and entered a Mercedes S-280 driven by Henri Paul. Some photographers sawThis, and began to follow the Mercedes on motorcycles and cars. Henri Paul tried to lose the photographers as he increased the cars speed, but the photographers continued to follow, chasing the car through the streets. Eyewitnesses saw the motorcycles swarming the Mercedes as it entered a tunnel traveling over 60 miles per hour. The speed limit in the tunnel was 30 miles per hour. Inside the tunnel, the Mercedes hit a curb, lost control, and slammed into a concrete barrier post, then flipped several times. Do dial-Fayed and driver Henri Paul was killed at the scene of the accident. Princess Diana was brought to a hospital where doctors had to open her chest to fix a wound to a major blood vessel. Princess Dianas heart was directly massaged for 2 hours, but the doctors were unsuccessful in saving her life. Princess Diana was pronounced dead at the hospital 4 hours after the accident. (Sabjan, 1998)Soon after their deaths, seven of the photographers were arrested, declared by police as manslaughter suspects because they wereThe reason the car was speeding in the first place. The Princess death had a large impact on the United States. She was a public figure that others could model their lives after and she was involved in several charities in the United States. The First Amendment tithe United States Constitution grants the press immunity, but several arguments have risen for some type of further regulation. The press has an extensive history that must be observed and understood for an accurate analysis of the problems that face the press today. When the United States Constitution was written in 1787, primary authors James Madison and Alexande r Hamilton had to sell it to the American people. The Constitution articles were written in newspapers throughout the country. These articles are now collectively known as The Federalist Papers. 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Understanding the roles of key stakeholders - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about theUnderstanding the roles of key stakeholders. Answer: Introduction Project management is considered one of the most important management techniques due to its importance and advantages to a business organization. Every organization is dependent on its various resources for its operation like human resources, financial resources etc. These resources are available to an organization in limited amount and number. Starting a new project requires a lot of such resources and project management helps in the management of these resources while implementation of the new project. Project management also helps in timely completion of given task within given financial and human resources (Kerzner, 2013). This project is prepared to use project management technique to effectively and efficiently complete the task given to Max Lionel Reality. Currently, Max Lionel reality (MLR) is evaluating its relationship with its customers. For the development of a better relationship with the customers, MLR is preparing a program to inform the agents of the company in relati on to legal and ethical obligation and standard of coded followed by the organization. Being the representative of the company, agents should follow these policies of the company to give better customer services to its customers. These MLRs policies will be developed in form of documentation and make available to clients, agents and potential tenants of the company. In this project management process, human resource department of the company will play a very essential and significant role. Project objective The objective of this project is to enable clients, customers, and agents about the ethical standards, legal standards, and code of conduct of the company. This will help to maintain a better relationship with the customers as agents of the company will be required to follow these standards. With the help of following these standards, the agents will be able to provide better services to the company which will increase the degree of customer loyalty toward the company. The main standards include work health and Safety and anti-discrimination legislation applicable to the company. Following these standards are essential as a violation of these standards can result in reputational as well as a financial loss for the company in form of a lawsuit (Burke, 2013). Background of the company Max Lionel realty is a real estate company providing services of construction and housing to its customers. The company has been in this for a long period of time and has gained a brand name in the market. Hence it is important to the company to maintain this reputation and it is trying to do so with this project. Project Scope The guidelines and procedures of the company will be applicable to the construction projects are undertaken by the company. These guidelines are developed and informed to the agents of the company to increase the quality of services provided by them to customers on behalf of the company. A project team will be decided which will help in developing the program and implement this program on agents of the company. This team will also be responsible for informing clients, agent and prospective tenants about these standard guidelines. The project undertaken by the company expects construction projects are not within the scope of the project. The budgets and time allotted to this project are limited. The resources available to this project are also predefined (Larson and Gray, 2013). These resources, time limit and budget of the project can be extended with the prior approval of the CEO of the company. This extension will be available if the CEO and top management of the company things tha t such extension is essential and has occurred due to extreme circumstances. Stakeholder analysis Stakeholders of a project are the people who have direct or indirect interest in the project under development. Involvement of these stakeholders is very important for successful completion of the project as they will be the users of the project. The developed program will be of no use if such project is not developed as per the needs and requirements these stakeholders. Needs and requirements of each and every of such stakeholder are different and the project team is responsible to take care of these requirements. Here are some of the stakeholders with their requirement and manner in which project team can satisfy their needs. Management Management of the company has a direct interest in the project under development as it is the responsibility of management for completing this project within given time and budget. Management of the company is responsible for conducting all the activities involved in this process. The whole management of the company is not required to participate in this process as it will result in a delay of the project and inefficient use of manpower (Doloi, 2012). Therefore this responsibility of project management is assigned to a particular team. Employees The actual implementation of project and fieldwork will be conducted by the employees who are part of the project management team. Employees will have a direct interest in this project as their bonus and performance-based incentives will be based on their performance. Employees of the company will be kept in the project management procedures by conducting regular meetings with other employees of the project management team. Customers It is very important to keep the point of view of customers in project management process as the main objective of this project is to develop an interactive and better relationship with the customers. The customers can be involved in the project management process by conducting an online survey in relation to customer complaints and feedbacks regarding services provided by the company (Ackermann and Eden, 2011). Agents Agents of the company are also important stakeholders as these programs are being developed for these agents. These agents are the people who are representing the company and they are interacting with the customers. In simple words, it can be said that these agents are the face of the company. These agents can be involved in the project management process by making a regular appointment with these agents during project development process. Government The laws in relation to work health and Safety and anti-discrimination are prepared by the government. These laws will form the base for a program developed by us. Hence project management team should conduct the literature and reports published by the government in relation to these laws and regulations (Meredith and Mantel, 2011). Communication plan Creating an effective and efficient plan for communication in a project management is very important for the success of project management plan. The only identification of stakeholders is not enough as it is of no use if they are provided with timely and relevant information. The main objective of communication plan in project management process is to provide relevant information for each and every stakeholder so that activities of project development can be conducted smoothly and efficiently (DiSanza and Legge, 2016). Communication methodologies Kick-off meeting Before starting any project management activity, management of the company should conduct a kick-off meeting. This meeting will help to assign roles and give direction to each member of the team. This meeting will involve various audiences such as project sponsor, project management team and members of top management of the company. This meeting will be conducted face to face and deliverable of this project would be agenda of project and minutes of the meeting. The project will be introduced in this meeting with its objective, scope, review process and other items raised during the meeting. Distribution of project kick-off report The tasks and decisions taken in the kick-off meeting will be properly documented in a formal format. This report will be distributed to each member of the project management and each member of the company will be required to follow this report. Any deviation from the activities and decision mentioned in this project can lead to off tracking of the project under development. Project team meeting Unlike kick-off meeting project team meetings will be conducted at regular intervals. In the case of Max Lionel realty, project team meetings will be conducted on weekly basis. The frequency of the meetings might change as per the status of the project changes. These meetings will also be conducted face to face but in case of emergencies, it can be conducted on a conference call. The main objective of these meetings would be to review the status of the project on regular basis (Adler et.al, 2012). Status report These are the form of communication to facilitate communication between project management team and other stakeholders of the company. This status report will be prepared at regular intervals and distributed to the interested stakeholders. The contents of the status report will be first discussed in the project team meeting and before distribution, this report will require the approval of team leader and one of the members of top management of the company. Roles and responsibility Assigning roles and responsibility to each member of the team is essential for smooth operation of activities of the project management plan. This helps in avoiding any conflict and confusion in the management process and also helps in assigning accountability in case of failure of any activity (Belbin, 2012). The project team of Max Lionel Realty consist of 6 members and their roles and responsibility is as follows- David Miller Role- Team leader Responsibility It is the primary responsibility of team leader to direct all team members toward project goal and objective. And to ensure that project is completed within given time and budget. Sam Lee Role- Resource manager Responsibility- Resource manager is required to ensure that there is the optimum and efficient use of resources and there is no wastage of resources. Pat Sweeney Role- Quality assurance Responsibility- It is the responsibility of a quality assurance manager to ensure that all the process and standards developed in the project management process are in accordance with rules and regulations implemented by the government. Peter Smith Role- External manager (From Ace consultants) Responsibility- It is his responsibility to oversee that project management is being conducted with efficiency from an external point of view Kim Gould Role- Project team member Responsibility- It is the responsibility of project team members to guide the project under development to guide project toward right path and complete it in given time and budget. David Malone Role- Project team member Responsibility- It is the responsibility of project team members to guide the project under development to guide project toward right path and complete it in given time and budget. Project snapshot Project snapshot can be defined as a summarised version of project plan describing its objective, scope, risks, stakeholders, team and other relevant factors. Timeframe The program under development should be delivered by project management team within 3 months of its initiation. Budget $15000 Resources required Room, 3 computers, project planning software, office supplies and other basic needs like electricity connection and water supply. Project team members David Miller Sam Lee Pat Sweeney Peter Smith Kim Gould David Malone Project risks 1. Limited budget 2. Limited time allotted to complete project 3. Technological changes can affect the development of the project. 4. Limited time and budget can affect the quality of the programme under development. Criteria for success The project will be evaluated after six months of its completion. A personal survey will be conducted by the clients who have received services after completion of the project. Success and failure of the project will be decided on the basis of ratings and feedback given by these clients. (Wysocki, 2011) Risk assessment plan Risk Description Level Strategy Strategic risk Risk of selecting the wrong strategy for project management Low The strategy should be reviewed at regular interval of time. Cost risk Risk of escalation of project cost due to increase is the cost of resources required. Medium Contract with the suppliers and vendors should be agreed at a fixed price. Performance risk Risk of project results not being similar to the target results. High Project team members should be kept motivated by the team leader to direct them in the right direction. Schedule risk Risk of project exceeding the predetermined time allocated to it. Medium Management techniques such as planning, scheduling and work breakdown structure should be used. (Pinto et.al, 2011) Budget The resource required to complete this budget is already been decided in the project snapshot. The allocated budget for these resources is $ 15000. The cost budget for the proposed project is as follows- Particular Cost ($) 3 computers 7900 Project planning software 3000 Office supplies 1000 Miscellaneous 500 Total cost 12400 Given budget is $15000. At the end of the project development process, we will conduct a cost budget variance analysis (Lock, 2017). Record of agreement with roles and responsibility Record of the agreement is a statement on which signature of the team members is required to be obtained. By signing this document a team member is acknowledging his or her roles and responsibilities. Name Role Responsibility Signature David Miller Team leader To guide the entire team members toward project goal and objective. And to ensure that project is completed within given time and budget. Sam Lee Resource manager The resource manager is required to ensure that there is the optimum and efficient use of resources and there is no wastage of resources. Pat Sweeney Quality assurance It is the responsibility of a quality assurance manager to ensure that all the process and standards developed in the project management process are in accordance with rules and regulations implemented by the government. Peter Smith External manager (From Ace consultants) It is his responsibility to oversee that project management is being conducted with efficiency from an external point of view Kim Gould Project team member It is the responsibility of project team members to guide the project under development to guide project toward right path and complete it in given time and budget. David Malone Project team member Status report Project status report 1- Department Project development department Name of project Customer relationship development Percentage of completion 25% Time taken 20 days Within time limit Yes Cost incurred $13000 Remarks The cost of the project has exceeded the expected cost but still, it is within the budget allocated to the project. Project status report Department Project development department Name of project Customer relationship development Percentage of completion 50% Time taken 40 days Within time limit Yes Cost incurred $13500 Remarks Extra $500 has been incurred on miscellaneous expenditure but the overall budget is still under control. Project status report Department Project development department Name of project Customer relationship development Percentage of completion 75% Time taken 67 days Within time limit Yes Cost incurred $15200 Remarks There was a requirement for an additional laptop which is purchased at cost of $1700. This will be used in normal business once the project is completed. Risk management report Change request Department Project management department Name of project Customer relationship development Change request number 1 Change description Extension of the allocated budget of the project under development. Change reason There is a requirement of an additional laptop to complete the project within an allocated period of 90 days. Impact of change The total budget will increase by $ 200 but this laptop can be used in normal business after completion of the project. Change request status Under review/ Approved/ Rejected (Verzuh, 2015) Final Project deliverable Activity Responsibility Start date End date Duration Estimation of requirement of programme Team leader 15-01-2018 22-01-2018 8 Understanding the laws in relation to health, safety, and discrimination Quality assurance 23-01-2018 03-02-2018 12 Comparison of these regulation with policies of companies External consultant 04-02-2018 18-02-2018 15 Making relevant changes in policies of companies Team members 19-02-2018 16-03-2018 26 Preparation and finalisation of policy document Team members 17-03-2018 01-04-2018 16 Conducting a meeting to convey these policies to agents of the company Team leader 02-04-2018 14-04-2018 13 Total time required 90 (Maylor et.al, 2008) Budget variance report Particular Expected Cost ($) Actual cost ($) Variance ($) Remarks 3 computers 7900 9600 1700 Additional cost of one laptop costing $1700. Project planning software 3000 3000 0 Office supplies 1000 1600 600 Miscellaneous 500 1000 500 Total cost 12400 15200 2800 Signature (CEO) Signature (Project Management Team Leader) (Lanen, 2016) New role description signoff Name Responsibility Signature David Miller To prepare a post-implementation review report to explain the overall performance of the project and recommending in relation to improvements in future projects. Sam Lee To evaluate the total resource consumption in the process of project development. Giving the recommendation to project team as per their performance. Pat Sweeney Analysing performance of individual project members and overall performance of project from a third-party perspective. Peter Smith Evaluating the quality of the developed programme for agents of Max Lionel Realty. Kim Gould Writing down the cost incurred during the whole project management process and comparing this cost to the budgeted cost prepared at the initiation of the project. David Malone Post-project project review report To The management Max Lionel realty Australia Subject: post-implementation review report The main objective of the programme developed under the project development process was to make agents of the company aware of the policies adopted by the company in relation to discrimination, health, and safety. The process of project development was effectively and efficiently managed by the project development team. The project was developed within the allotted time period but the budget of the project exceeded by $200. This amount was used to purchase an additional laptop which is now used in normal business processes. The overall impact of the performance of the program is being evaluated with the help of online and personal interviews. These interviews are conducted from the clients who have taken services from clients of the company after training of developed program was given to them. 85% of the clients are happy with the services provided by the agents. This is a significant improvement as compared to the pre-implementation phase where only 55% of the clients were satisfie d with the services provided by the agents. These interviews will be conducted on regular basis from the clients for the purpose of performance analysis. Conclusion Project management process is very important to effective implementation and successfully completes the project under consideration. In the given project of Max Lionel Realty, various project management techniques were used for efficient working. Due to adopting the concept of project management, we were able to complete the given project within given time period and with negligible variation in the overall budget of the project. In future also Max Lionel Realty should adopt the principle of project management for project development. References Ackermann, F. and Eden, C., 2011. Strategic management of stakeholders: Theory and practice.Long range planning,44(3), pp.179-196. Adler, R., Elmhorst, J.M. and Lucas, K., 2012.Communicating at work: Principles and practices for business and the professions. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Belbin, R.M., 2012.Team roles at work. Routledge. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. DiSanza, J.R. and Legge, N.J., 2016.Business and professional communication: Plans, processes, and performance. Pearson. Doloi, H., 2012. Cost overruns and failure in project management: Understanding the roles of key stakeholders in construction projects.Journal of construction engineering and management,139(3), pp.267-279. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lanen, W., 2016.Fundamentals of cost accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Lock, D., 2017.Project management. Routledge. Maylor, H., Vidgen, R. and Carver, S., 2008. Managerial complexity in project?based operations: A grounded model and its implications for practice.Project Management Journal,39(S1). Meredith, J.R. and Mantel Jr, S.J., 2011.Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Pinto, A., Nunes, I.L. and Ribeiro, R.A., 2011. Occupational risk assessment in construction industryOverview and reflection.Safety science,49(5), pp.616-624. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Wysocki, R.K., 2011.Effective project management: traditional, agile, extreme. John Wiley Sons.