A History of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

A History of Pakistan EssayBelieve it or not, India and Pakistan were erst a solid and unified landed estate the citizens of the Indian border states of Rajasthan and Punjab were almost looking similar to the citizens of Pakistan (Paul, 2005). So when India became free from the British colonizers in 1947, conflicts between the India and Pakistan started to become intense. Since then, India and Pakistan have continuously been angry and uninterested towards to each one separatein fact, they have already participated in three major warsand even during periods of peace, the two countrys relationship had always been on the line (Jaffrelot, 2005). Inspired by their conflicts regarding territories over the region of Kashmir, offense and hatred developed between the two countries over the years. For Pakistanis, the Kashmir dispute has become a symbol of depressed pledges and Indian duplicity, and they are constantly attempting to raise the issue whenever possible, thus drawing stron g reactions from India on the other hand, India considers Kashmir as a vital part of the country, and attempts of the Pakistanis are viewed as an act to smear Indias compute (Conboy, 1992).Read moreCurrent Political Situation of PakistanUp to this day, Kashmir remains the worlds largest and most highly militarised territorial dispute. Worse, as the years passed by, many issues have coupled the long-lived dispute over Kashmir, such as the linked issues of the Siachen Glacier, the Wular Lake Barrage, and the current Kashmiri struggle communalism and the plight of the minorities nuclear developments periodic domestic troubles the Afghanistan crisis and the amour of outside powers (King, 1998). The Benefits of Pakistan Partition Economic programs in Pakistan after the period of its sectionalisation emphasized on tenderness planning.The Pakistani government established objectives for controlling private industries. The partition was established in order to change domestic businesse s and reduce dependence on abroad trade. These efforts led to the stability of its economic development in the 1950s (Jones, 2003). However, excellent results stopped coming in the two straight decades. By the early seventies Pakistan had succeeded in conquering its goal of stability in terms of food availability, although this food was not in truth available to all Pakistanis because of the flawed distri scarcelyion and shortcomings in the harvest.In the late 1970s the Pakistani government began to decrease its power over the economy, which led to slowed development toward this goal. By 1991, however, the Pakistani government appease controlled or managed many industries, including mining and financing, manufacturing and construction. Economic development enhanced during this time, at least gradually as a result of economic programs supported by foreign loans (Jones, 2003). A financial crisis after the partition stimulated Pakistan to institute major economic reforms.Because the partition resulted into an incredible surge in oil prices, Pakistan was pursue by a barrage of payments problem. To gather loans from well-regarded funding organizations, Pakistan made up its mind to implement programs in order to free its economy. These economic programs eliminated many strict government policies on investment, and established tariff systems that keep trading at a manageable level. Also, reform deregulated many industries and privatized many public enterprises. These reforms continued by the mid-1990s, although at a slower rate because of political changes in Indias government.In 1993 Pakistan permitted Pakistan-owned private banks to be established along with a minority of foreign banks (Holliday, 2000). With the reforms, Pakistan incredibly made a smooth transition from a closed and very restrictive economy to one that is open and free to the world. By 1996 to 1997, foreign investment had grown to nearly $6 billion, up from $165 million in 1990 to 1991. Expo rts and imports also amend significantly at the same time. Economic growth since the 1980s has brought with it an expansion of the middle class, which was estimated to form 20 to 25 percent of Pakistans population in the mid-1990s.As a result, the demand for consumer goods has expanded rapidly (Mittmann, 1991). In Pakistan, the upsurge of innovative activity seems to have had more to do with the advent of partition than with the silicon Valley phenomenon. The partition has dramatically changed the market and supply conditions, from existence shortage and seller driven to being buyer and competition driven. To survive and grow, firms have to focus on improving their competitiveness. They are realizing that the real author of industrial competition today lies in innovation and the rapid technological change taking enjoin throughout the world.Technology is now a key determinant of strategic change in Pakistani firms. Industrial development based on indigenous engine room develop ment is still an elusive dream, but the process of technology acquisition and assimilation is now very much a strategic process, aline with firms need to build competencies (Kudaisya, 2001). The partition has stimulated the rapid growth of innovation-driven industries such as information technology (IT), communications technology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.This has led to a new type of business enterprise cognize as the knowledge enterprise and a new sector of the economy known as the knowledge economy. This sector is now a significant component of the national economy and accounts for a large dispense of economic growth. The partition created renewed interest in innovative entrepreneurship as a key number one wood for the rapid diffusion of innovation in business and industry. Entrepreneurship occupies centre stage in the wealth mental home process in the knowledge economy (Cohen, 2004).ReferencesCohen, S, 2004. The Idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Pr ess. Conboy, K, 1992. Elite Forces of India and Pakistan. Osprey Publishing Holliday, T, 2000. penetration Guide Pakistan. Insight Guides 3rd sport Jaffrelot, C, 2005. A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Anthem Press New reading Jones, O, 2003. Pakistan Eye of the Storm. Yale University Press 2nd edition King, J, 1998. Lonely Planet Pakistan. Lonely Planet Publications 5th edition Kudaisya, G, 2001. The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia. Routledge 1st edition Mittmann, K, 1991. Culture Shock Pakistan. Graphic liberal arts Center Publishing Company Paul, T, 2005. The India-Pakistan Conflict An Enduring Rivalry. Cambridge University Pres